【正文】 停電 冰箱不工作 溫度上升 牛奶變酸 1. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about ____. A) relationships between causes and results B) classification of reasoning C) some other mon types of reasoning D) some special type of reasoning 注：文章之前的段落內(nèi)容 =首句 +結(jié)構(gòu)提示詞， onethe other/someanother Another mon type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what cause malnutrition（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良） , the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage (污水、污物） in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination? 2. According to the passage, to do the effect to effect reasoning is to reason A) from cause to effect B) from effect to cause C) from effect to effect and on to cause D) from effect to cause and on to another effect 3. A necessary cause is ____. A) one without which it is impossible for the effect to occur B) one of the causes that can produce the effect C) one that is enough to make the effect occur D) none of them 注：第三段， A選項(xiàng)是必須在場(chǎng)的相同意思的改寫(xiě)。 Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory（起輔助作用的） . A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as bustion (燃燒 )， is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided (獨(dú)自的 ), though there may be 中國(guó)最大的資料庫(kù)下載 中國(guó)最大的資料庫(kù)下載 more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plugs（火花塞） or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors pedestrians (行人 ) or other cars in the intersectionmust also be present. 4. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has been cut off. The power failure is a ____. A) necessary cause B) sufficient cause C) contributory cause D) none of them 注：斷電不是冰箱不工作的必要原因，而是原因之一，冰箱壞了也可以導(dǎo)致冰箱不工作。 文中只提到因果關(guān)系推理的幾種操作方法 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: I hear many parents plaining that their teenage children are rebelling, I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at（ attempting to seize） one another39。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示負(fù)態(tài)度 =re+assureance 使確信； boldly 勇敢的； strike out 開(kāi)辟 They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up crowded round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thusandsuch a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have e out of their cocoon（蠶繭） into a larger cocoon. 注： 表明作者負(fù)態(tài)度 off 開(kāi)始 up 結(jié)果 用來(lái)解釋前面的現(xiàn)象 It has bee harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today39。t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will ewith the people who respect you for who you are. That39。s purpose writing this passage is to tell ____. A) readers how to be popular in with around B) teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselves C) parents how to control and guide their children D) people how to understand and respect each other 注：寫(xiě)作目的題型，目標(biāo)讀者：青少年 7. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but, in fact, most of them ____. A) have much difficulty understanding each other B) lack confidence C) dare not cope with problems singlehanded D) are very much afraid of getting lost 注： brave定位第一段 boldly 8. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A) There is no popularity that really counts. B) What many parents are doing is in fact hindering their children from finding their own paths. C) It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates. D) Most teenagers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actually doing the same. 注： + n. 中 no 相當(dāng)于 not any 表示沒(méi)有任何的，為絕對(duì)化語(yǔ)氣 no + adj. 中 no 表示否定 9. The author thinks of advertisements as ____. A) convincing B) influential C) instructive D) authoritative 注：態(tài)度題，找作者直接評(píng)價(jià)語(yǔ)句，倒數(shù)第二段，應(yīng)該是負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)。s real self D) rebel against parents and the popularity waves 注：考最后一段，作者提出的建議 Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage: Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it39。re 39。. That39。Get up, John! You39。 The possible explanation to 中國(guó)最大的資料庫(kù)下載 中國(guó)最大的資料庫(kù)下載 the trouble is that John is at his temperatureandenergy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. 注： 頂峰，高峰 上午 You can39。re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (對(duì)抗 ) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won39。ll get up steam (鼓起干勁 ) and work better at your low point. 注： ，后面跟著結(jié)論的解釋 up 熬夜 起床 Get