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外文翻譯---工業(yè)工程概述-在線瀏覽

2025-07-31 09:53本頁面
  

【正文】 dvancement in time study since the stopwatch”; Applied Computer Services 司的 Business Pro 是基于 Windows 平臺(tái)的一系列工作研究模塊的集合,包含流程記錄和控制,作業(yè)測定,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)開發(fā)、評(píng)價(jià)和引用, MRP/ERP 支持等,覆蓋了作業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)開發(fā)和維護(hù)的各個(gè)方面; MTM 協(xié)會(huì)開發(fā)的 MTMLINK 系統(tǒng)是應(yīng)用 MTM方法,輔助工業(yè)工程師完成工作研究的系統(tǒng)。 從以上來看,在國外,信息技術(shù)已經(jīng)全面介入到工作研究各個(gè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。 2)國內(nèi)工作研究發(fā)展?fàn)顩r: 工作研究在我國的應(yīng)用可以追溯到八十年代中期。根據(jù) 10 個(gè)企業(yè), 12 條生產(chǎn)線試點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì),企業(yè)一次投入 76 萬元,每年凈增收入 2815 萬元,勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率提高 16%18%,投入效益比為 1∶ 33。 冶金行業(yè)推行工作研究,也取得了類似效果。 目前,工作研究在機(jī)械、電子、冶金、航天航空、輕工、化工、建筑等部門的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)起步,有的正在深入與普及。目前我國大部分工作研究的實(shí)施,基本上還處于手工的和憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)估計(jì)的狀態(tài),由人工進(jìn)行測繪、記錄、分析、評(píng)價(jià)和改進(jìn)。在我國,工作研究的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用主要存在以下幾方面的問題: 3)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化意識(shí)薄弱,工作研究不成體系: 我國一直沿用前蘇聯(lián)的工業(yè)體系,人們對(duì)效率、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的意識(shí)比較薄弱。這些狀況導(dǎo)致企業(yè)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)用性和準(zhǔn)確性差,無法起到為企業(yè)上層提供可靠的決策支持作用。工作研究人員在設(shè)計(jì)作業(yè)方法和制定工時(shí)定額過程中,需要進(jìn)行大量的信息處理、思維決策、數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算和繁復(fù)的文字處理工作。 B.缺乏工作研究軟件系統(tǒng): 目前,國內(nèi)外眾多軟件商在中國投入的軟件系統(tǒng)大 多集中在 CAD、 CAPP、CAM、 PDM、 ERP 等熱門軟件上,而工作研究軟件的投入與開發(fā)卻寥寥無幾。工作研究的計(jì)算機(jī)化跟不上,導(dǎo)致了企業(yè)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展的滯后,而高層生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),如 MRP、 ERP 等不能夠得到準(zhǔn)確及時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)支持,致使整個(gè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)效率低下。企業(yè)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確性、及時(shí)性和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的要求與基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲取手段之間的矛盾已經(jīng)日益突出。這些系統(tǒng)為企業(yè)工作研究的實(shí)施帶來了一定的方便,但都不成熟,大多處于實(shí)驗(yàn)階段,往往只能適應(yīng)個(gè)別企業(yè)工作研究中的部分領(lǐng)域,無法進(jìn)行推廣普及。 CAWS 系統(tǒng)能夠?yàn)槠髽I(yè)采取科學(xué)的作業(yè)流程、方法和制定可靠的時(shí)間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、勞動(dòng)定額提供輔助決策;不但實(shí)現(xiàn)工作研究各個(gè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的計(jì)算機(jī)化,而且能夠與其他生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)高度集成,從而為企業(yè)實(shí)施方法研究和工時(shí)制定提供可靠的技術(shù)支持,提高企業(yè)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性及其采集和管理的規(guī)范化,并提高工作研究的效率和質(zhì)量。 附錄 B 外文文 獻(xiàn) Industrial engineering studies Industrial engineering is emerging as one of the classic and novel professions that will be counted for solving plex and systematic problems in the highly technological world of today, The development of industrial engineering technology and management base: information technology, manufacturing and production systems, systems engineering and management services. In order to create the full potential of all types of organizations, from the medium and long term, the modern industrial research and development projects should focus on the following topics: 1) Development of future manufacturing Since the 1970s, creating the concept has been greatly expanded. 1998 . National Research Council NRC confirmed that manufacturing is still create the most basic means of social wealth, the country39。s industrial projects must actively participate in and help manufacturers deal with the following six major challenges: ① The use of information technology enterprise organizations to enhance the market39。 an agreement creating private works, distributed business process control methods and standards and sharing of knowledge, such as software development is the use of the interactive and dynamic model of cooperation between all the smart software and interface software form of virtual cooperation Space. 2) Development and use of information technology, information systems and knowledge management systems Information was understood to be processed after obtaining one can accept and understand the meaning of intelligence has identified those raw materials. Information technology is puter technology, microelectronics detection sensor technology and munication technology as the backbone of the technology group. Information System is to provide a flow of information processing and accurate data and information work, the core functions of information processing and storage preservation. Industrial engineers should actively conduct information systems and software tools of research and development, particularly SCM, CRM, XRP (expansion of the resource planning) and electronic merce (e2C), emerce (e2B) and Knowledge Management System for the project, Development and utilization. Industrial engineering methodology to play the advantage, In China the use of information technology to transform and upgrade traditional industries, development of learning organization, organizationwide potential to play and adapt to rapidly changing market petition in the display industry engineers talent. 3) Development and the establishment of management systems engineering 1990 W. Skinner explicitly pointed out: Failure of the traditional management. Modern enterprises urgently need a new management theory, methods and tools, nearly 7 to 8 years of study and set off to the business munity theory of constraints (TOC, Theory of Constraints) craze. The socalled constraint management is E1M1Goldratt development of a management philosophy, which is made up of three separate but related to the performance of determination, logical thinking process and the logistics of the project to protect (APICS, 2020). It is not the optimal production technologies OPT, from the following areas fundamental to improve the management theories, methods and tools. ① The purpose of business is no longer just for the boss to make money but pletely satisfied with the beneficiaries (TSS, total stakeholder satisfaction). To achieve TSS, corporate goal is to make money, like now with the future to ine, return on investment and cash flow three indicators measure corporate performance, with production and sales, inventory and operating costs of the operation of enterprises measure, and sales Maximize the quantity, inventory and operating costs to minimize as the goal of optimizing the operation of enterprises criterion. ② Constraints is bound to stop (the enterprise) system to achieve its goal of a higher level of performance factors (APICS, 2020). Constraintbased fivestep method, 99 / 1 rules and DBR (drums / buffer / letters cable) Act, and is looking for ways to resolve system constraints, can effectively use them to find bottlenecks and enhance enterprise performance level. ③ Constraintbased management in accordance with the principles of TOC management organization and resources of the practice (APICS, 2020). It uses DBR law, V2A2T structure, key chains and other logistical support project management theory。 now use real trees, the future reality trees, clouds and causal audit plans, and other tools thought and analysis. Since the 1980s corporate practice has proved that only by the TC
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