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[譯文 ]俄羅斯人深愛著他們自己的語言,并在他們的腦海中存儲了大量詩歌,而意大利的政客們卻更傾向于精心準(zhǔn)備的演講,這在大多數(shù)講英語的 人們眼里已經(jīng)過時。 collectivism n.集體主義 It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism (n.) and municipal and stateowned business. [1996 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]而且這也是公司擺脫個體創(chuàng)造,走向集體化和向市營、國營邁出的一步。 passionate a.有同情心的 Scientists must municate their message to the public in a passionate (a.), understandable wayin human terms. not in the language of molecular biology. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]科學(xué)家必須把他們的意思傳達(dá)給公眾,并且要使用富有感情和通俗易懂的語言,即用通俗的語言,而不是使用分子生物學(xué)的語言。 connotation n.含蓄,內(nèi)涵 Nevertheless, the word “ amateur” does carry a connotation (n.) that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific munity and, in particular, may not fully share its values. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]但是“業(yè)余”這個詞的確具有特殊的含義,那就是所指的那個人沒有完全融入某個科學(xué)家群體,具體地說,他可能并不完全認(rèn)同這個群體的價值觀。 conformity n.一致,符合 Nor, if regularity and conformity(n.) to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “ odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “ work well with the team.” [1999 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]如果像他們的論文所反映的那樣,科學(xué)家也想看到規(guī)律性和與某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式的一致性,那么如果管理人員歧視研究人員中的“標(biāo)新立異者”,而贊賞“擅長團(tuán)隊協(xié)作”的具有傳統(tǒng)思維模式的人,那也是無可指責(zé)的。 counteract v.①抵抗;②抵制;③消除,抵消 “ If we can understand how cancer works, we can counteract (v.③ ) its action.” [1994 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]“如果我們能弄清癌癥的活動規(guī)律,我們就能采取相應(yīng)的措施。 credibility n.可信性 Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility (n.) project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]然后它又出資組織研討會和可信度調(diào)查項目,去探究為什么顧客們惱火了,為什么會有那么多人逃避新聞?!? cuff n.袖口,沒有預(yù)料到的事情 Include a few casual and apparently offthecuff (n.) remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ](練習(xí)幽默 )包括一些很隨便的、看上去是即興的話,你可以用輕松的、不做作的方式把它們說出來。 customize v.定制 Subscribers can customize (v. ) the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a pany’ s Web site. [1999 年閱讀 ] 5 [譯文 ]用戶可以定制自己想要接受的信息,然后直接進(jìn)入某個公司的網(wǎng)址。 deception n.欺騙,詭計 He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists,the extent of their deception (n.) and distortion may e as an unpleasant surprise. [1996 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]他揭露了這些人的伎倆和手段,對那些不了解創(chuàng)世紀(jì)論者慣用手法的人來說,其欺騙和歪曲事實的程度會讓他們感到氣憤和吃驚。 a.辯護(hù)的 As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants (n.),especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’ t have changed anything. [1999 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]盡管個人傷害的賠償一如既往地繼續(xù)著,但有些法庭已開始站到被告一方,特別是在處理那些有警示語也無法避免傷害的案件時。 delinquency n.行為不良,犯法,犯罪 Most theories of juvenile delinquency (n.) have focused on children from disadvantaged families,(26: ignoring) the fact that children from wealthy homes also mit crimes. [2020 年完形 ] [譯文 ]大部分有關(guān) 少年犯罪的理論主要涉及到貧困家庭的孩子,忽略了一個事實,即,那些來自富裕家庭的孩子也會犯罪。 depressant a.有鎮(zhèn)靜作用的; n.鎮(zhèn)靜劑 Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants(n.) slow it down. [1997 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]興奮劑主要起到加速或激活中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的作用,而鎮(zhèn)靜劑則相反:減緩它的活動。 depletion The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion (n.) of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. [1998 年閱讀 ] 6 [譯文 ]環(huán)境研究的先驅(qū)者、斯坦福大學(xué)的保羅?埃利希反駁說,科學(xué)真正的敵人是那些對工業(yè)發(fā)展導(dǎo)致全球變暖、臭氧層逐漸損耗以及其他后果的證據(jù)提出質(zhì)疑的人。 detrimental a.有害的 All these are beneficial, not detrimental (a.), to consumers. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]所有這些對消費(fèi)者來說都有益而無害的。 disparage vt.蔑視 With other audiences you mustn’ t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging (vt.) remarks about their canteen or their chairman. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]而對于其他聽眾,你就不能試圖貿(mào)然地講這種幽默,因為他們也許不喜歡外人對他們的餐廳或總裁有如此微詞。 disproportionate a.不成比例的 By far the worst form of petition in schools is the disproportionate (a.) emphasis on examinations. [1995 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]學(xué)校里最糟糕的競爭形式就是不恰當(dāng)?shù)貜?qiáng)調(diào)考試。 dosage 量,配,用量 Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages (n.) will eventually kill the patient. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文]近年來,醫(yī)生們一直在借用這項原則,為自己替病?;颊咦⑸浯髣┝康膯?啡鎮(zhèn)痛的做法提供正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?,盡管他們知道,不斷增加的劑量最終會殺死病人。觀察家們正在等待多米諾骨牌產(chǎn)生效應(yīng)。 dormant a.不活躍的,靜止的,隱匿的 Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet may activate a dormant (a.) oncogene, but how remains unknown. [1994 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]從宇宙射線、輻射到日常飲食,任何東西都可能激活一個處于靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下的致癌基因,但如何激活尚不為人知。 downscale v.縮減?的規(guī)模 So Spero is downscaling (v.), shopping at middlebrow Dillard39。 downshifter n.過儉樸生活的人,放慢生活節(jié)奏的人 While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic declineafter the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’ 80sand is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle class downshifters (n.) of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]在美國,這種趨勢 一 開始是 對經(jīng)濟(jì)衰落所做出的一種反應(yīng) 一 出現(xiàn)于 80年代后期縮小經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模裁員 在英國,至少在我所認(rèn)識的中產(chǎn)階級的簡化生活者中,這種趨勢仍被認(rèn)為與節(jié)儉策略有關(guān)聯(lián) , 雖然如此 ,然而我們有著不同的理由使自己的生活簡單化。 dynamics n.①動力學(xué);②動態(tài) A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. [2020 年完形 ] [譯文 ] 名目繁多的俱樂部活動能提供多種機(jī)會來培養(yǎng)他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能,也有機(jī)會在集體中成長。 embryo n.胚胎,胎兒,胚芽; a.胚胎的,初期的 NBAC will leave the issue of embryo(a.) research undiscussed because______. embryo research is just a current development of cloning[1999 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]NBAC 將不討論胚胎研究問題,因為胚胎研究不過是克隆的新發(fā)展。 ember n.灰燼,余燼 If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers (n.) of medical progress. [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]如果好人無所作為,一群不明真相的公眾真的有可能撲滅醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步的寶貴火種。 en