【正文】 ere the righttodie movement is gathering strength， observers are waiting for the dominoes (n.) to start falling． [1997 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]在美國和加拿大，死亡權(quán)利運(yùn)動(dòng)正在積蓄力量。 dispassionate a．冷靜的，平心靜氣的 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned， orderly， systematic， and dispassionate (a.) manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena． [2020 年翻譯 ] [譯文 ]社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支，它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為。 determinism n．決定論 Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages， Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism(n.)． [2020 年翻譯 ] [譯文 ]雖然 Sapir 和 Whorf 都強(qiáng)調(diào)語言的差異性，但是， Sapir 本人從未明確支持語言決定論的觀點(diǎn)。 demographer n．人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家 Moreover， demographers (n.) see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon： More and more Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people， too． [1998 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]而且，人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，向南部和向西部的不斷遷移還伴隨著一種與之相關(guān)卻又較新的現(xiàn)象：越來越多的美國人顯然不再僅僅尋找有更多工作機(jī)會(huì)的地方，也在尋找人口稀少的地方。 defendant n．被告 。 cult n．①宗派；②崇拜；③時(shí)尚 But the cult (n．② ) of the authentic and the personal，“ doing our own thing,” has spelt the death of formal speech， writing， poetry and music． [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]然而，“做我們自己的事” 這一對(duì)事物真實(shí)性和個(gè)性的崇拜信條，已經(jīng)給正式的演講、寫作、詩歌和音樂畫上了句號(hào)?！? coverage n．①新聞報(bào)導(dǎo) (范圍 )；②保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目 They are brought sport， edy， drama， music， news and current affairs， education， religion，parliamentary coverage(n．① )， children’ s programmes and films for an annual license fee of￡ 83 per household． [1996 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]每戶每年交 83 英鎊的使用費(fèi)便可收看體育、喜劇、戲劇、音樂、新聞時(shí)事、教育、宗教、議會(huì)報(bào)道、兒童節(jié)目及電影。 conclusive a．確實(shí)的；最后的，決定性的 The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle， and so is not conclusive(a.) evidence of a revival in the underlying trend． [1998年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]問題在于，近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長部分是由于商業(yè)周期通常到了這時(shí)候就會(huì)出現(xiàn)的 4 反彈造成的 ,因此，還不能作為一次確鑿的證據(jù)來證實(shí)在這一潛在的趨勢(shì)背后會(huì)出現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的跡象。 mitment n．承諾，責(zé)任 (38： On the contrary) they can help students acquire a sense of mitment (n.) by (39： planning)for roles that are within their (40： capability) and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules． [2020 年完形 ] [譯文 ]正相反，成年人可以通過計(jì)劃青少年參與的活動(dòng)以及清晰表述規(guī)則來幫助他們樹立責(zé)任感。 charitable a．仁慈的， (為 )慈善事業(yè)的，寬恕的 Today there are many charitable(a.) anizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler． [1997 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]如今，有了很多的慈善組織專門幫助疲勞的旅行者。 capuchin n. (猴子的一種 ) 僧帽猴 However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins (n.) and humans or whether it stems from the mon ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question. [2020 年閱讀 ] ［譯文］但是，這種憤憤不平之心是人類和猴子獨(dú)立地進(jìn)化出來的，還是他們?nèi)灏偃f年前從老祖先那遺傳來的，這一問題尚沒有定論。 bombard vt．炮轟，攻擊 At the same time， the American Law Institutea group of judges， lawyers， and academics whose remendations carry substantial weightissued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard (vt.) them with a lengthy list of possible ones． [1999 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]與 此同時(shí)，美國法學(xué)會(huì)一該學(xué)會(huì)由一群舉足輕重的法官、律師、學(xué)者所組成一簽署了新的民事侵害法綱要，宣布公司不必警示顧客那些顯而易見的危險(xiǎn)，或者給顧客列出一份冗長的可能造成的危險(xiǎn)的清單。 bellyful n．滿腹，滿肚子，過量 Ralph Waldo Emerson and other transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children：“ We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and e out at last with a bellyful (n.) of words and do not know a thing．” [2020年閱讀 ] 2 [譯文 ]拉爾夫?瓦爾多?愛默生和其他一些先驗(yàn)主義哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為學(xué)校教育和嚴(yán)格的書本學(xué)習(xí)限制了孩子們的天性，“我們被關(guān)在中小學(xué)和大學(xué)的朗誦室里十年或十五年，最后出來滿肚子墨水，卻啥都不懂。 apprehensive a．①有理解力的；②憂慮的，擔(dān)心的 What is many captive shippers’ attitude towards thee consolidation in the rail industry? [D]Apprehensive (n．② )． [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]許多受控制的托運(yùn)人對(duì)鐵路部門的合并是什么態(tài)度 ? [D]擔(dān)心。 1 20 年考研英語真題超綱詞匯 abreast ad．并肩地，并排地 Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast (ad.) of jobs in a particular database； when you get ， consider it a reminder to check the database again． [2020年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]相反，最佳的策略是 把代理當(dāng)作一種提示服務(wù)來及時(shí)跟蹤某一資料庫里的工作崗位信息；當(dāng)你收到電子郵件時(shí)，你就把官當(dāng)作一種提醒再去查一查資料庫。 allegation n．主張，斷言，辯解 Hearing allegations (n.) of cruelty to animals in research settings， many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm all animal． [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]當(dāng)人們聽到醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)虐待動(dòng)物的指控時(shí)，許多人都不明白為什么有人會(huì)故意傷害動(dòng)物。 [C]NBAC 被授權(quán)控制克隆技術(shù)的濫用 backbone n．脊椎，骨干，毅力 In other words， there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone(n.) and a readymade narrative structure for otherwise confusing news． [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]換言之，在媒介機(jī)構(gòu)的新聞采編室文化中存在著一套約定俗成的寫作模式，為紛繁復(fù)雜的新聞報(bào)道提供了一個(gè)主框架和一個(gè)現(xiàn)成的故事敘述結(jié)構(gòu)。s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding (n．① )so fascinating． [1998 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]可能正是因?yàn)槿祟愰L期遭受旱澇災(zāi)害的擺布才使得讓水聽從人的調(diào)遣如此令人癡迷。” byproduct n．副產(chǎn)品 By the late 1970s， neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “ mental noise” — the random byproducts (n.) of the neuralrepair work that goes on during sleep． [2020 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]到了 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代，神經(jīng)學(xué)專家又轉(zhuǎn)而把夢(mèng)視作“精神上的雜音”一睡夢(mèng)中神經(jīng)修復(fù)工作的隨機(jī)性副產(chǎn)品。 3 centerpiece n．中心 The centerpiece (n.) of the argument of a technologyyes， geniusno advocate was an analysis of Galileo’ s role at the start of the scientific revolution． [1994 年翻譯 ] [譯 文 ]這場擁護(hù)“肯定技術(shù)否定天才”的爭論的中心是對(duì)伽利略在科技革命初期的作用的分析。 collectivism n．集體主義 It was moreover a step away from individual initiative， towards collectivism (n.) and municipal and stateowned business． [1996 年閱讀 ] [譯文 ]而且這也是公司擺脫個(gè)體創(chuàng)造，走向集體化和向市營、國營邁出的一步。 connotation n．含蓄，內(nèi)涵 Nevertheless， the word “ amateur” does carry a connotation (n.) that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific munity and， in particular， may not fully share its