外文翻譯--機(jī)械加工基礎(chǔ)簡(jiǎn)介-在線瀏覽
2024-07-24 06:35本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ther machine or mechanism of the same type. To make the part interchangeable, each individual part must be made to a size that will fit the mating part in the correct way. It is not only impossible, but also impractical to make many parts to an exact size. This is because machines are not perfect, and the tools bee worn. A slight variation from the exact size is always allowed. The amount of this variation depends on the kind of part being manufactured. For example, a part might be made 6 in. long with a variation allowed of (three thousandths) in. above and below this size. Therefore, the part could be to in. and still be the correct size. These are known as the limits. The difference between upper and lower limits is called the tolerance. A tolerance is the total permissible variation in the size of a part. The basic size is that size from which limits of size are derived by the application of allowances and tolerances. Sometimes the limit is allowed in only one direction. This is known as unilateral tolerance. Unilateral tolerancing is a system of dimensioning where the tolerance (that is variation) is shown I only one direction from the nominal size. Unilateral tolerancing allow the changing of tolerance on a hole or shaft without seriously affecting the fit. When the tolerance is in both directions from the basic size, it is known as a bilateral tolerance (plus and minus). Bilateral tolerancing is a system of dimensioning where the tolerance (that is variation) is split and is shown on either side of the nominal size. Limit dimensioning is a system of dimensioning where only the maximum and minimum dimensions are shown. Thus, the tolerance is the difference between these two dimensions. Introduction of Machining of: Machining as a shapeproducing method is the most universally used and the most important of all manufacturing processes. Machining is a shapeproducing process in which a powerdriven device causes material to be removed in chip form. Most machining is done with equipment that supports both the work piece and cutting tool although in some cases portable equipment is used with unsupported work piece. Low setup cost for small quantities. Machining has two applications in manufacturing. For casting, forging, and pressworking, each specific shape to be produced, even one part, nearly always has a high tooling cost. The shapes that may be produced by welding depend to a large degree on the shapes of raw material that are available. By
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