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MError Test Statistic Fixed Effects Model ? LM Test Statistic for Spatial Error 239。? ?()?~ ( 1 )( 1 ) . ( 39。 ( ) ( )( 1 ) ( 39。22239。2??~ ( 1 )?? ? ? ?, / ,? ? ?( ) ( ) / . ( 39。22239。2??~ ( 1 )? ? ? ??, / ( 1 ) ,? ? ?( ) ( ) / ( 1 ) . ( 39。[ ( ) ( ) ] /. ( 39。[ ( 39。 ) ]?[ 39。[ ( 39。 )vTV a r W B B? ???ε X I2 2 1( | , )( ) ( 39。39。 ) 39。 )? ? ? ?? 39。 ) 39。 ) 39。 )V a r? ? ?????δ Z Ω ZZ Ω yδ Z Ω Z1? ( 39。??Z H H H H Z2( | ) 0 , ( , ) 0, TE C o vw h e r e W????? ? ???ε H Z HH X W X W X W ISpatial Lag Model Estimation Random Effects: IV/GLS ? Feasible Generalized Least Squares ? Estimate ?v2 and ?u2 from the fixed effects model: ? FGLS for random effects model: 1 1 1 1 1? ? ? ? ?? ? ?( 39。 , ( ) ( 39。 ) 39。 / ( 1 ) , 39。TTNV a r B V a r Bw h e r e B W???? ? ???ε I e IISpatial Error Model Estimation Fixed Effects ? Moment Functions 22( 39。 ) / ( 1 ) ( 39。 ) / ( 1 ) 0vvE N TE N T trac e W W NE N T????????vvvvvv****, ( )[ ( ) ] , [ ( ) ]TT N T Nw h e r e WWW??? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?v y X β v I vy I I y X I I XSpatial Error Model Estimation Fixed Effects ? The Model: SPAR(1) ? Estimate b and ? iteratively: GMM/GLS ? OLS ? GMM ? GLS **()T W????? ? ??? ? ? ?yX βε yX βvε I ε v**?? ? ?( ) ( ) ( )?? ?( ) ( )T W????? ? ??? ? ? ???? ? ??yX β ε βε β I ε β vyX β v βSpatial Error Model Estimation Random Effects ? Moment Functions (Kapoor, Kelejian and Prucha, 2020) 22( 39。 ) / ( 1 ) ( 39。 ) / ( 1 ) 0vvE N TE N T trac e W W NE N T????????e Qee Q ee Qe2112111( 39。 ) / ( 39。 ) / 0 , ( )TENE N trac e W W NE N whe re W????? ? ?e Q ee Q ee Q e e I eSpatial Error Model Estimation Random Effects ? The Model: SPAR(1) ? Estimate b and ? iteratively: GMM/GLS ? OLS ? GMM ? GLS **()TTTW??? ?? ???? ? ? ???? ? ???? ? ? ?yX βεyX βeε I ε ee i u ve i u v**?? ? ?( ) ( ) ( )?? ?( ) ( )T W????? ? ??? ? ? ???? ? ? ?yX β ε βε β I ε β eyX β e β**[ ( ) ] , [ ( ) ]T N T Nwhe re W W??? ? ? ? ? ?y I I y X I I XSpatial Mixed Model Estimation ? The Model: SARAR(1,1) ? ? ? ?1()()( ) ( )( ) , 39。TTTTTTNWWiBwhe re Wan d B W?????? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ???y I y X βεε I ε u vyZ δ I i u vZ I y X δβISpatial Mixed Model Estimation ? TwoStage Estimation ? Sample moment functions are the same as in the spatial error AR(1) model. The efficient GMM estimator follows exactly the same as the spatial error AR(1) model. ? The transformed model which removes spatial error AR(1) correlation is estimated the same way as the spatial lag model using IV and GLS. Spatial Mixed Model Estimation Fixed Effects ? The Model: SPARAR(1,1) * * *()()()()()TTTTTTWWWWW?????? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ???? ? ???? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?y I y X βεy I y X βεε I ε eε I ε ve i u vy I y X βv**, . . . , ( )[ ( ) ] , [ ( ) ]TNT N T Nw h e r eWW??? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?y Q y Q I J Iy I I y X I I XSpatial Mixed Model Estimation Fixed Effects ? Estimate b and ? iteratively: GMM/GLS ? IV/2SLS ? GMM ? GLS * * *? ?( ) ,? ? ? ? ?( , ) ( ) ( , )? ?? ? ?( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ,TTTWWW??? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ???? ? ? ? ??y I y X β ε βε β I ε β vy I y X β v β**( ) [ ( ) ] , ( ) [ ( ) ]T N T Nwhe re W W? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?y I I y X I I XSpatial Mixed Model Estimation Random Effects