【正文】
perpetration of fraud by an individual. If duties are adequately separated, fraud can only be mitted through collusion. Ebanking services may necessitate modifying the ways in which segregation of duties are established and maintained because transactions take place over electronic systems where identities can be more readily masked or faked. In addition, operational and transactionbased functions have in many cases bee more pressed and integrated in ebanking applications. Therefore, the controls traditionally required to maintain segregation of duties need to be reviewed and adapted to ensure an appropriate level of control is maintained. Because access to poorly secured databases can be more easily gained through internal or external works, strict authorisation and identification procedures, safe and sound architecture of the straightthrough processes, and adequate audit trails should be emphasised. Common practices used to establish and maintain segregation of duties within an ebanking environment include the following: Transaction processes and systems should be designed to ensure that no single employee/outsourced service provider could enter, authorise and plete a transaction. cessible by duly authorised and authenticated individuals, agents or systems. The bank’s stand