外文翻譯-----小額信貸與經(jīng)濟增長，對印度經(jīng)驗的思考-其他專業(yè)-在線瀏覽
2025-03-24 09:06本頁面
【正文】 d results, given the need to overlay mainstream financial service delivery models with the social mobilisation skills that were essential to meet developmental objectives. The selfhelp group (SHG)bank linkage programme was the initial microfinance initiative launched by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in 1992. While this model of partnership between the banking sector and voluntary anisations achieved reasonable success, it continued to depend on the creation of an extensive banking work. Challenges in scaling up this model led to 3 the introduction of financial intermediation by microfinance institutions (MFIs) that provide microfinance services to the poor, especially in rural areas. Institutions MFIs borrow from mercial sources and onlend to clients (groups/individuals). Most MFIs in India started with grants and concessional loans and gradually made the transition to mercial funding. While much of the growth in the initial years was financed by concessional loans from funding agencies, this was followed from 2021 onwards by raising equity from domestic as well as international agencies and by borrowings from the banking sector. MFIs have been observed to administer risks better than the traditional banking sector. There may be two explanations for this: MFIs have developed specialised systems of evaluation, supervision, administration and recovery of credits attuned to their clientele, and Partnership: Several MFIs have an excellent base and infrastructure in their specific markets. However, they lack access to product knowledge, funding and technology platforms. In the partnership model, the bank provides mezzanine equity and technology to the NGO/MFI and lends directly to clients with risksharing by the NGO/MFI. The bank also provides loan funds for the MFI’s own investment requirements. The MFI undertakes loan origination, monitoring and collection. The advantage of this structure is that it separates the risk of the MFI from the risk of the portfolio. Here the intermediary or the MFI assumes a fraction of the credit risk (to the extent of risk sharing), leading to a reduction in capital required. It bines the core petence of NGOs/MFIs with that of banks – social mobilisation skills with finance. OnTap Securitisation: In this product the bank provides the MFI advance funding with which the MFI can build assets. Once created, assets are assigned to the bank. The MFI can continue to build assets and assign them to the bank on a regular provides a credit delivery channel to rural households. The main impacts of microfinance are increased access to credit for those at the ‘Bottom of the Pyramid’ with easy and doorstep
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