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2025-03-24 05:44本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ipment, and that they are readily available in the needed quantities. As manufacturing progresses, it is inevitable that situations will arise that may require modifications of the materials being used. Experience may reveal that substitution of cheaper materials can be made. In most cases, however, changes are much more costly to make after manufacturing is in progress than before it starts. Good selection during the production design phase will eliminate the necessity for most of this type of change. The more mon type of change that occurs after manufacturing starts is the result of the availability of new materials. These, of course, present possibilities for cost reduction and improved performance. However, new materials must be evaluated very carefully to make sure that all Their characteristics are well established. One should always remember that it is indeed rare that as much is known about the properties and reliability of a new material as about those of an existing one. A large proportion of product failure and product liability! Cases have resulted from new materials being substituted before their longterm properties were really known. Product liability actions have made it imperative that designers and panies employ the very best procedures in selecting materials. The five most mon faults in material selection have been: (a) failure to know and use the latest and best information available about the materials utilized。(c) the use of materials about which there was insufficient or uncertain data, particularly as to its king term properties。 and(e) material selection made by people who are plete unqualified to do so. The Computer in Design and Graphics Computers are widely used in engineering and related fields and their use is expected to grow even more rapidly than in the past Engineering and technology students must became puter literate, to understand the applications of puter and their advantages. Not to do so well place students at a serious disadvantage in pursuing their careers. Computeraided design (CAD) involves solving design problems with the help of Computer: to make graphic images on paper with a plotter or printer, analyze design data, and store design information for easy retrieval. Many CAD systems perform these functions in all integrated manner, greatly increasing the designer39。 the puter generates accurate, easily modifiable graphics, performs plex design analysis at great speed, and stores and recalls design information. Occasionally, the puter may augment or replace many of the engineer39。s operation, testing the design under a variety of conditions and stresses。 Many CAD systems are even
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