【正文】 artially explained by diet. This is unexpected. We39。rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both.re Rees－Moggs) say father.t exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味覺).（1）Compared with adults, babies could more easily create significant noisesB.understand the Greek languageD.Lips and teeth.Jobs and habits.Age and regions.Food and thinking.（3）The reason for farmers39。. A.biting more with front teethC.growing up with lager lower jaws（4）By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal jaws help shape our thoughtB.diet has some influence on languageD.且以f和v的發(fā)音為例，揭示了農(nóng)民們發(fā)f和v音的原因是他們喜歡吃更多的熟食。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。本段提到sound和diet是有關(guān)系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有關(guān)the product of thought,本段最后說到和兩者都有關(guān)系。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。故選A。根據(jù)第二段中的“We39。以及文章內(nèi)容可知敘述的都是日常飲食和發(fā)音對語言的影響，故選C。3．犇犇閱讀理解 s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us.t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than billion tons have bee waste. And of that waste, a surprising billion tons never made it to a recycling binthe figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone39。 Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than onefifth of an inch across.t a problem where we don39。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic. （1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1? A.To introduce what marine animals like eating.C.To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.（2）What39。Lacking protection.B.Being caught by humans.D.Some people don39。Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.C.s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.D.A biology textbook.A travel brochure.C.A lifestyle magazine.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。根據(jù)第一段中的“their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. （2）考查細節(jié)理解?？赡苡懈嗟娜耸艿綗o形的傷害。 （3）考查推理判斷。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他說最好在海洋變成塑料湯之前建立一個必要的機構(gòu)和制度的問題，可推知選C?？v觀全文可知，本題介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。 Kaitlin Woolley and Ayelet Fishbach report in Psychological Science that a meal taken familystyle from a central plate can greatly improve the oute of later negotiations. needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments. The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or management and follow a set of rules. s route prices. The results were much the same, with the foodsharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time. （1）What does the familystyle meal in the report refer to？ A.A meal shared with others.C.D.To show the way food is served.B.To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.D.To add to their energy.To reward them for their participation.C.D.研究表明，從中間菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后續(xù)談判的結(jié)果。根據(jù)第二段中的“They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of petition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。然而，他們還推斷，這種方式可能會導(dǎo)致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.” 出于好奇心，他們做了一系列實驗。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解?？芍xC。5．犇犇閱讀理解 t remember our neighbor39。s name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze. In our forties, we laugh it off as a senior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there es a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, Am I losing it？Or worse, Is this a sign of Alzheimer39。 Well, don39。s disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that it39。re forgetful that we should fear.s disease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with mild cognitive（認知的）damage will progress to fullon AD. For the study, mild cognitive damage was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either plained of memory loss or had suffered objective memory loss