【正文】 er parts of the United States．For these great number of new Americans New York had to provide homes，goods，and services．Their labor helped the city be e great．摘要How New York Became Americas Largest City New York was once smaller than Philadelphia and Boston，but now it is Americas largest city because of geography，history and economics．New York was located at the seaport where materials were imported to the US and the products of the US were sent abroad across the sea．The city was further developed when the Erie Canal was pleted in 1825．This linked Lake Erie to New York via the Hudson River and the cost of transporting goods to those who had settled inland was cut down．In addition，the Great Lakes were soon linked to the Mississippi．Later，railroads tied New York closer to the central states，whose goods were exported via New York．Fewer goods were imported，so cheap passages were available from Europe．New York became the main port for receiving Europeans，many of whom stayed in the city and helped it bee great． 第四節(jié)報(bào)告 1．寫作攻略報(bào)告是下級(jí)部門就某件事情向上級(jí)部門和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)回報(bào)工作、反映情況、提出建議等使用的上行公文。This article reviews the techniques used in...這篇文章綜述了……領(lǐng)域采用的技術(shù)。This paper is devoted to examining the role of...這篇論文致力于研究……的作用。This article not only describes...but also suggests...這篇文章不僅描述了……而且建議……This paper provides a method of...這篇為……提供了方法。This thesis discusses/analyzes...這篇論文討論/分析了……This paper provides an overview of...這篇文章綜述了……This article pares...and summarizes key ……并總結(jié)了主要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。另外，寫摘要時(shí)應(yīng)該使用簡(jiǎn)單的銜接詞，如but, then, thus, yet, for等等，而不能使用at the same time, on the other hand 等。用簡(jiǎn)短的語句代替冗長(zhǎng)的語句。應(yīng)重點(diǎn)反映主要觀點(diǎn)，刪除細(xì)節(jié)。（4）摘要應(yīng)與原文的觀點(diǎn)保持一致，為了使摘要條理清晰，無特殊情況應(yīng)按原文的邏輯順序排列。（3）在做摘要時(shí)考生切忌照搬原文，應(yīng)該用自己的語言來寫。如果一遍不能明白，可以多讀幾次，讀的次數(shù)越多越容易明白文章大意。隨著考生英語水平的不斷提高，這種題型引起考生的普遍重視。摘要寫作要求簡(jiǎn)明扼要，用詞準(zhǔn)確。第一篇：考研應(yīng)用文寫作小作文摘要考研英語寫作破解－應(yīng)用文寫作（小作文）－ 摘要1．寫作攻略摘要是對(duì)原始文獻(xiàn)（或文章）的基本內(nèi)容進(jìn)行濃縮并寫成語義連貫的短文。它以迅速掌握原文內(nèi)容梗概為目的，不需加入任何主觀評(píng)論和解釋，但必須簡(jiǎn)明、確切地表述原文的重要內(nèi)容。摘要題型寫作是難度非常大的一種寫作形式。寫作摘要時(shí)應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）動(dòng)筆之前，考生一定要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀所給原文，力求抓住其大意，掌握原文要點(diǎn)。（2）摘要的長(zhǎng)度不應(yīng)超過原文的三分之一，一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考試時(shí)應(yīng)遵守規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)限制。一篇摘要應(yīng)該是語言的再創(chuàng)造，而不是原文詞語的簡(jiǎn)單堆砌。（5）摘要要做到內(nèi)容完整，沒有大的遺漏，使讀者無需查看原文就能夠獲得原文的主要內(nèi)容。（6）削除例子，簡(jiǎn)化描述。（7）檢查與修改時(shí)，考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點(diǎn)或包含了細(xì)節(jié)。2．必背模版句型This paper mainly deals with...這篇論文主要是寫……This article focuses on the topics of(that, having, etc)...這篇文章的強(qiáng)調(diào)的主題是……This essay presents knowledge that...這篇短文主要是講關(guān)于……的知識(shí)。This paper presents uptodate information on...這篇論文介紹了關(guān)于……的最新信息。This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...這篇文章介紹一種分析……的可行程序。This paper reflects the state of the art in...這篇論文展示了……目前的情況。The writer of this essay tries to explore...本文作者試圖探討……The aim/purpose/objective of this paper is to determine...本文的目的/目標(biāo)是為了決定……3．必背經(jīng)典范文將下面這篇約500詞的原文按要求寫成約150詞的摘要。就其內(nèi)容實(shí)質(zhì)來說，可分為信息類報(bào)告和分析類報(bào)告。分析類報(bào)告在語言和格式上則更加正式、復(fù)雜，其目的在于對(duì)某問題或情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查、研究、分析、評(píng)估或論證后提出結(jié)論，篇幅一般較長(zhǎng)。寫作時(shí)，應(yīng)盡量多用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，少用第一人稱，以免主觀、冒昧。（3）報(bào)告要有明確的中心思想、清楚的段落層次和合理的結(jié)構(gòu)安排。This report will summarize...本報(bào)告將總結(jié)……The report provides an introduction to...本報(bào)告介紹了……The operation on...is under smooth way.……的運(yùn)行很正常。May I have your approval of...by the end of this month? 月底之前我能得到您就……的批準(zhǔn)嗎？We will fulfill the task ahead of 。3．必背經(jīng)典范文To： From：Li NanSubject：Ship Accident off West Coast of The Yangtze River，No ：，2005Yesterday evening two boats collided in thick fog in The Yangtze River not far from Wu was a cargo ship carrying lumber，apparently on its way to The Yangtze other was a National ferry on its regular run from Jiu Jiang to Wu ，because of the weather conditions，the captains did not realize the danger until a few seconds before the collision took ，there was no time for them to prevent the ，there were no casualties among the crews or passengers，but both ships suffered badly spokesman for the port authorities said that a mittee would be set up to determine the cause of the yours, Li Nan 譯文收信人：約翰遜先生 發(fā)信人:李楠主題:長(zhǎng)江西岸撞船事故,無傷亡 日期:2005年4月4日昨晚在距武漢不遠(yuǎn)處，長(zhǎng)江上的兩艘船在濃霧中相撞。但是由于惡劣的天氣，船長(zhǎng)知道撞擊發(fā)生前幾秒才意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)。幸運(yùn)的是船員和乘客都沒有傷亡,但船的損害相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重。你誠摯的：李楠第二篇：考研應(yīng)用文寫作精選外語下載中心考研應(yīng)用文寫作范文精選應(yīng)用文寫作總論經(jīng)典信件背誦（1）辭職信（2）請(qǐng)求信（3）建議信（4）求職信（5）道歉信（6）感謝信（7）申請(qǐng)信（8）投訴信（9）詢問信（10）邀請(qǐng)信（11）祝賀信經(jīng)典備忘錄背誦經(jīng)典便箋背誦經(jīng)典告示背誦范文：Dear ，I am writing to inform you of my intention of withdrawing from my current position in this having worked here for merely two months, I, unfortunately, find that this job is quite different from my of all, I have to say that my salary is far from satisfying, which barely sustains me in this expensive , so far I have never had the responsibility of any challenging apologize in advance for any inconvenience it might bring to truly，Li Ming譯文：尊敬的王先生：我給您寫這封信是想辭去我目前在雜志中的職位。首先，我的工資遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意，使我在這昂貴的城市中生活艱難。我為對(duì)此可能給您帶來的不便致歉?；仡櫸以谶@個(gè)組織中五年的工作經(jīng)歷，我與您和眾位同事度過了非常愉快的時(shí)光，你們給了我很多幫助，也教會(huì)了我很多東西。您真摯的，李明 范文：To Whom It May Concern，My name is Li Ming, a college student of Peking University, and I am writing in the hope of your assistance to find a needy child for whom I may provide financial and foremost I would like to declare that I possess the financial ability to implement this plan owing to my decent ine from parttime to the candidate, I am hoping that he/she es from an elementary school of the less developed areas of Western China, who is forced out of would like to pay for his/her tuition fee and other school expenses until he/she graduates from you for your cordially，Li Ming譯文：有關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)人：我叫李明，是北京大學(xué)的學(xué)生。首先我想聲明我有著實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的財(cái)政能力，因?yàn)槲椰F(xiàn)在的兼職工作可以給我?guī)聿环频氖杖?。我將支付該學(xué)生的學(xué)費(fèi)和其它雜費(fèi)等，直至其大學(xué)畢業(yè)。范文：Dear Sir or Madam，I am a senior student from Tianjin University, and I wonder if you could spare some time to help me look for two reference books, Communication Principles and Organizational Communication, both published by Foreign Language Press in two books are of particular importance to my graduation thesis, but I failed to obtain外語下載中心 them from my university library as well as local you please tell me whether the National Library has the mentioned books? If so, could you please do me the favor of photocopying and sending them to me by EMS? I would like to pay for the rel