【正文】 aration of Independence in was further matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States expressly plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation in finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was ”to form a more perfect Union.“But if destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less perfect than before the Constitution, having lost the vital element of follows from these views that no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union。and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter what pretext, as among the gravest of now reiterate these sentiments, and in doing so I only press upon the public attention the most conclusive evidence of which the case is susceptible that the property, peace, and security of no section are to be in any wise endangered by the now ining add, too, that all the protection which, consistently with the Constitution and the laws, can be given will be cheerfully given to all the States when lawfully demanded, for whatever causeas cheerfully to one section as to is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions:No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be is scarcely questioned that this provision was intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of what we call fugitive slaves。第一篇：林肯總統(tǒng)的就職演講林肯總統(tǒng)的就職演講First Inaugural Address of Abraham LincolnMONDAY, MARCH 4, 1861FellowCitizens of the United States:In pliance with a custom as old as the Government itself, I appear before you to address you briefly and to take in your presence the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the United States to be taken by the President before he enters on the execution of this office.“I do not consider it necessary at present for me to discuss those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or seems to exist among the people of the Southern States that by the accession of a Republican Administration their property and their peace and personal security are to be has never been any reasonable cause for such , the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed and been open to their is found in nearly all the published speeches of him who now addresses do but quote from one of those speeches when I declare thatI have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do who nominated and elected me did so with full knowledge that I had made this and many similar declarations and had never recanted them。and more than this, they placed in the platform for my acceptance, and as a law to themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolution which I now read:Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the right of each State to order and control its own domestic institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the perfection and endurance of our political fabric depend。and the intention of the lawgiver is the members of Congress swear their support to the whole Constitutionto this provision as much as to any the proposition, then, that slaves whose cases e within the terms of this clause ”shall be delivered up“ their oaths are , if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not with nearly equal unanimity frame and pass a law by means of which to keep good that unanimous oath?There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be enforced by national or by State authority, but surely that difference is not a very material the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of but little consequence to him or to others by which authority it is should anyone in any case be content that his oath shall go unkept on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it shall be kept?Again: In any law upon this subject ought not all the safeguards of liberty known in civilized and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that a free man be not in any case surrendered as a slave? And might it not be well at the same time to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause in the Constitution which guarantees that ”the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States“?I take the official oath today with no mental reservations and with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws by any hypercritical rules。that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the this I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, and Ishall perform it so far as practicable unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite means or in some authoritative manner direct the trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend and maintain doing this there needs to be no bloodshed or violence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national power confided to me will be used to hold, oc