【正文】 特殊待遇，”夜班經(jīng)理喬尼沃爾頓仍然開(kāi)著他那輛紅白兩色的1979年出廠的福特牌輕型貨車穿行在彎彎曲曲的鄉(xiāng)間小道上，身邊坐著他的捕禽獵犬。67歲的廉價(jià)店大王薩姆鮑尤嘆道。根本沒(méi)看見(jiàn)任何仆人的身影。房子還不錯(cuò)，但絕對(duì)不是宮殿。侍者上了一條鄉(xiāng)間車道，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)一個(gè)標(biāo)著“薩姆和海倫本頓維爾鎮(zhèn)是阿肯色州一個(gè)僅有9，920人口的偏遠(yuǎn)小鎮(zhèn)，薩姆在他的想象里，他定然會(huì)看到：豪宅，主人天天要坐的羅爾斯一羅伊斯轎車，戴著鉆石頸圈的家犬，到處可見(jiàn)的仆人。美國(guó)鄉(xiāng)巴佬首富阿特然而，假定我這里所說(shuō)的反差是成立的，而培養(yǎng)技藝與創(chuàng)造力兩者都是值得追求的目標(biāo)，那么重要的問(wèn)題就在于：我們能否從中美兩個(gè)極端中尋求一種更好的教育方式，它或許能在創(chuàng)造力與基本技能這兩極之間獲得某種較好的平衡?第二單元價(jià)值觀課文A 有錢是否意味著過(guò)一種完全不同于普遍人的生活?看來(lái)未必，如果你的名字叫薩姆而西方的創(chuàng)新突破則有被夸大的危險(xiǎn)。但我并不想夸大其辭。中國(guó)老師擔(dān)心，如果年輕人不及早掌握技藝，就有可能一輩子掌握不了；另一方面，他們并不同樣地急于促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展。美國(guó)人的立場(chǎng)可以概括起來(lái)這么說(shuō)，我們比中國(guó)人更重視創(chuàng)新和自立。有一次去兩位小藝術(shù)家的家里參觀，我們從孩子的父母處得知，他們每天練習(xí)數(shù)小時(shí)以完善他們的技藝。我們觀看了孩子們?cè)诮淌依飳W(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)的情景，他們的嫻熟技藝令我們驚訝。我逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，這些中國(guó)人不是簡(jiǎn)單地以一種陳舊的方式塑造、引導(dǎo)本杰明的行為：他們是在恪守中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)，把著手教，教得本杰明自己會(huì)愉快地要求再來(lái)斗次。那些善意的中國(guó)旁觀者前來(lái)幫助本杰明時(shí)，他們不是簡(jiǎn)單地像我可能會(huì)做的那樣笨拙地或是猶猶豫豫地把他的手往下推。把著手教回想起來(lái)，當(dāng)時(shí)我就清楚地意識(shí)到，這件事正是體現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵之所在——而且不僅僅是一種意義上的關(guān)鍵之所在。如果我們向孩子演示該如何做某件事——把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙的槽口也好，畫只雞或是彌補(bǔ)某種錯(cuò)誤行為也好——那他就不太可能自行想方設(shè)法去完成這件事。但關(guān)鍵在于，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，我們?cè)噲D讓本杰明懂得，一個(gè)人是能夠很好地自行解決問(wèn)題的。我倆頗為同情地聽(tīng)著這一番道理，解釋道，首先，我們并不在意本杰明能不能把鑰匙塞進(jìn)鑰匙的槽口?！奔热淮笕酥涝趺窗谚€匙塞進(jìn)槽口——這是處理槽口一事的最終目的，既然孩子還很年幼，還沒(méi)有靈巧到可以獨(dú)自完成要做的動(dòng)作，讓他自己瞎折騰會(huì)有什么好處呢?他很有可能會(huì)灰心喪氣發(fā)脾氣——這當(dāng)然不是所希望的結(jié)果。因此，不久我就在與中國(guó)教育工作者討論時(shí)談起了鑰匙槽口一事。然后那位“老師”會(huì)有所期待地對(duì)著我和埃倫微笑，似乎等著我們說(shuō)聲謝謝——偶爾他會(huì)微微皺眉，似乎覺(jué)得我倆沒(méi)有盡到當(dāng)父母的責(zé)任。飯店里任何一個(gè)中國(guó)工作人員若在近旁，都會(huì)走過(guò)來(lái)看著本杰明，見(jiàn)他初試失敗，便都會(huì)試圖幫忙。他的探索行為似乎并無(wú)任何害處。他從鑰匙聲響中得到的樂(lè)趣大概跟他偶爾把鑰匙成功地塞進(jìn)槽口而獲得的樂(lè)趣一樣多。由于他還年幼，不太明白得把鑰匙放準(zhǔn)位置才成，因此總?cè)贿M(jìn)去。本杰明愛(ài)拿著鑰匙走來(lái)走去，邊走邊用力搖晃著。酒店鼓勵(lì)客人外出時(shí)留下鑰匙，可以交給服務(wù)員，也可以從一個(gè)槽口塞入鑰匙箱。然而，我和埃倫獲得的有關(guān)中蓁教育觀念差異的最難忘的體驗(yàn)并非來(lái)自課堂，而是來(lái)自我們?cè)谀暇┢陂g寓居的金陵飯店的大堂。中國(guó)式的學(xué)習(xí)特色霍華德第一篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2翻譯To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and , learning by heart as many wellwritten essays as possible is also very an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course acplish the task of mastering more and more donations ing in, our university will be much better off financially next will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material , the son of , liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the munity to fall the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct called to tell him in a frank manner what they were assured them that he would certainly settle the soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has e over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CDs for puter games software from his you envy me for being able to work from home on the agree that the Internet has made my job a lot can write, subm it and edit articles via , chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest then, municating through the Net can be frustrating at system may still, without the emotional cues of facetoface munication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpretNumerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of and sorrow can flow out of the body along with the case of /Take son unfortunately died in a car intensity of the blow made her unable to said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at craves knowledge and works , as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather is ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to she gritted her teeth and plained to the fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a genderequity how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believethat English and most other European languages have descended from a mon source: the IndoEuropean parent was first spoken by the AngloSaxons who invaded England in the fifth passed onto us the basic vocabulary of over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2課文翻譯參考譯文 第一單元學(xué)習(xí)方式課文A 哈佛大學(xué)教育學(xué)教授霍華德加德納回憶其中國(guó)之行，闡述他對(duì)中西方不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式的看法。加德納1987年春，我和妻子埃倫帶著我們18個(gè)月的兒子本杰明在繁忙的中國(guó)東部城市南京住了一個(gè)月，同時(shí)考察中國(guó)幼兒園和小學(xué)的藝術(shù)教育情況。我們的房門鑰匙系在一塊標(biāo)有房間號(hào)的大塑料板上。由于口子狹小，你得留神將鑰匙放準(zhǔn)位置才塞得進(jìn)去。他還喜歡試著把鑰匙往槽口里塞。本杰明一點(diǎn)也不在意。我和埃倫都滿不在乎，任由本杰明拿著鑰匙在鑰匙的槽口鼓搗。但我很快就觀察到一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象。他們會(huì)輕輕握緊本杰明的手，直接將它引向鑰匙的槽口，進(jìn)行必要的重新定位，并幫他把鑰匙插入槽口。我很快意識(shí)到，這件小事與我們?cè)谥袊?guó)要做的工作直接相關(guān)：考察兒童早期教育(尤其是藝術(shù)教育)的方式，揭示中國(guó)人對(duì)創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)的態(tài)度。兩種不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式我的中國(guó)同行，除了少數(shù)幾個(gè)人外，對(duì)此事的態(tài)度與金陵飯店工作人員一樣。為什么不教他怎么做呢?他會(huì)高興，他還能早些學(xué)會(huì)做這件事，進(jìn)而去學(xué)做更復(fù)雜的事，如開(kāi)門，或索要鑰匙——這兩件事到時(shí)候同樣可以(也應(yīng)該)示范給他看。他玩得開(kāi)心，而且在探索，這兩點(diǎn)才是我們真正看重的。這種自力更生的精神是美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)最重要的一條育兒觀。從更廣泛的意義上說(shuō)，他就不太可能—共如美國(guó)人那樣——將人生視為一系列的情境，在這些情境中，一個(gè)人必須學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立解決問(wèn)題，進(jìn)而學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性地加以解決的新問(wèn)題。這件事表明了我們兩國(guó)在教育和藝術(shù)實(shí)踐上的重要差異。相反，他們極其熟練地、溫和地把他引向所要到達(dá)的確切方向。學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)通過(guò)不間斷的精心塑造與引導(dǎo)而得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，這一觀念同樣適用于藝術(shù)。年僅6歲的孩子就帶著成人的那種技巧與自信在畫花、畫魚和動(dòng)物；9歲：10歲的小書法家寫出的作品滿可以在博物館展示。創(chuàng)造力第一? 從對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的態(tài)度來(lái)說(shuō)，優(yōu)先次序似乎是顛倒了：西方的年輕人先是大膽創(chuàng)新，然后逐漸深諳傳統(tǒng)；而中國(guó)的年輕人則幾乎離不開(kāi)傳統(tǒng)，但是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，他們同樣可能發(fā)展到具有創(chuàng)新的境界。我們兩種文化的差異也可以從我們各自所懷的憂慮中顯示出來(lái)。美國(guó)教育工作者則擔(dān)心，除非從一開(kāi)始就發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，不然創(chuàng)