【正文】 n a recent series of studies, Fan and Machemehl _2021, 2021a,b_ divided TRNDP approaches into practical approaches, analytical optimization models for idealized conditions, and metaheuristic procedures for practical problems. The TRNDP is an optimization problem where objectives are defined, its constraints are determined, and a methodology is selected and validated for obtaining an optimal solution. The TRNDP is described by the objectives of the public transportation work service to be achieved, the operational characteristics and environment under which the work will operate, and the methodological approach for obtaining the optimal work design. Based on this description of the TRNDP, we propose a threelayer structure for anizing TRNDP approaches _Objectives, Parameters, and Methodology_. Each layer includes one or more items that characterize each study. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 5 The ―Objectives‖ layer incorporates the goals set when designing a public transportation system such as the minimization of the costs of the system or the maximization of the quality of services provided. The ―Parameters‖ layer describes the operating environment and includes both the design variables expected to be derived for the transit work _route layouts, frequencies_ as well as environmental and operational parameters affecting and constraining that work _for example, allowable frequencies, desired load factors, fleet availability, demand characteristics and patterns, and so on_. Finally, the ―Methodology‖ layer covers the logical–mathematical framework and algorithmic tools necessary to formulate and solve the TRNDP. The proposed structure follows the basic concepts toward setting up a TRNDP: deciding upon the objectives, selecting the transit work items and characteristics to be designed, setting the necessary constraints for the operating environment, and formulating and solving the problem. TRNDP: Objectives Public transportation serves a very important social role while attempting to do this at the lowest possible operating cost. Objectives for designing daily operations of a public transportation system should enpass both angles. The literature suggests that most studies actually focus on both the service and economic efficiency when designing such a system. Practical goals for the TRNDP can be briefly summarized as follows _Fielding 1987。 _4_ models assigning frequencies to a set of routes。 _2_ models determining the links to be used for public transportation route construction。 _4_ systems analysis with interactive graphics。 _2_ market analysis。 and _4_ evaluating alternative public transportation works. Despite the extensive use of practical guidelines and experience for designing transit works, researchers have argued that empirical rules may not be sufficient for designing an efficient transit work and improvements may lead to better quality and more efficient services. For example, Fan and Machemehl _2021_ noted that researchers and practitioners have been realizing that systematic and integrated approaches are essential for designing economically and operationally efficient transit works. A systematic design process implies clear and consistent steps and associated techniques for designing a public transportation work, which is the scope of the TRNDP. TRNDP: Overview Research has extensively examined the TRNDP since the late 1960s. In 1979, Newell discussed previous research on the optimal design of bus routes and Hasselstr246。 _2_ defining the operational environment of the work _road structure, demand patterns, and characteristics_。 _4_ scheduling buses。 _2_ setting frequencies。 researchers will obtain a basis for evaluating existing research and identifying future research paths for further improving TRNDP models. Moreover, practitioners will acquire a detailed presentation of both the process and potential tools for automating the design of public transportation works, their characteristics, capabilities, and strengths. Design of Public Transportation Networks Network design is an important part of the public transportation operational planning process _Ceder 2021_. It includes the design of route layouts and the determination of associated operational characteristics such as frequencies, rolling stock types, and so on As noted by Ceder and Wilson _1986_, work design elements are part of the overall operational planning process for public transportation works。it focuses on the optimization of a number of objectives representing the efficiency of public transportation works under operational and resource constraints such as the number and length of public transportation routes, allowable service frequencies, and number of available buses (Chakroborty 2021。 Pucher et al. 2021). Efforts for encouraging public transportation use focuses on improving provided services such as line capacity, service frequency, coverage, reliability, fort and service quality which are among the most important parameters for an efficient public transportation system (Sinha 2021。 EMTA 2021。 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 文獻(xiàn)、資料題目： Transit Route Network Design Problem: Review 文獻(xiàn)、資料來源： 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 文獻(xiàn)、資料發(fā)表（出版）日期： 院 （部）： xxx 專 業(yè)： xxx 班 級(jí)： xxx 姓 名： xxx 學(xué) 號(hào)： xxx 指導(dǎo)教師： xxx 翻譯日期： xxx畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 1 外文文獻(xiàn)： Transit Route Network Design Problem: Review Abstract: Efficient design of public transportation works has attracted much interest in the transport literature and practice, with many models and approaches for formulating the associated transit route work design problem _TRNDP_ having been developed. The present paper systematically presents and reviews research on the TRNDP based on th