【正文】
器為瑞士徠卡 TPS400電子全站儀,其精度為 2+2 106。測(cè)量后作好詳細(xì)記錄,記錄要求包括控制點(diǎn)、觀測(cè)點(diǎn)和工作點(diǎn)分別的樁號(hào)及坐標(biāo),觀測(cè)時(shí)間,天氣及氣溫,參與人員等。依據(jù)露天礦監(jiān)測(cè)方法的特點(diǎn),建立計(jì)算成果表格,通過統(tǒng)計(jì)分析可以得出 2掛幫礦開采過程中邊坡變形的特點(diǎn)。 3 斷層處的邊坡變形較大。變形規(guī)律顯現(xiàn)。 (4)x、 y、 z三向全年日平均位移速率遠(yuǎn)小于經(jīng)驗(yàn)預(yù)警值 0. 5mm/ d。 3 爆破震動(dòng)安全及監(jiān)測(cè) [6~ 8] 爆破參數(shù)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 在工程地質(zhì)條件一定的情況下,礦山生產(chǎn)中各種爆破震動(dòng)影響是危害高陡邊坡穩(wěn)定的主要因素,尤其是在裂隙較多、破碎帶發(fā)育的邊坡更是如此 大冶鐵礦 2掛幫礦的開采是在原采場(chǎng)高陡邊坡下進(jìn)行,且由于 F13斷層橫穿礦體,因此回采爆破要確保高陡邊坡的穩(wěn)定,必須采用減震控爆技術(shù),優(yōu)化爆破參數(shù),以盡可能減小爆破震動(dòng)的危害。用光面爆破,盡可能削弱生產(chǎn)爆破對(duì)保留邊坡的危害。 (3)采用單排逐孔爆破法來盡可能減小單響最大藥量。同時(shí),應(yīng)對(duì)高陡邊坡上掛幫礦開挖過程中的爆破所引起的震動(dòng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),以期達(dá)到以下目的:①及時(shí)監(jiān)控開采過程中爆破震動(dòng)的大小,確定其對(duì)邊坡的影響程度;②利用監(jiān)測(cè)信息控制爆破規(guī)模,優(yōu)化爆破工藝,正確組 織生產(chǎn),確保邊坡的穩(wěn)定。由于高陡邊坡的穩(wěn)定與質(zhì)點(diǎn)振動(dòng)速度的關(guān)系最為密切,因此,本次監(jiān)測(cè)的內(nèi)容為質(zhì)點(diǎn)振動(dòng)速度,這也是目前開展最普遍、工程上監(jiān)測(cè)最多的內(nèi)容。爆破震動(dòng)測(cè)試多用電測(cè)法。 (2)監(jiān)測(cè)儀器。測(cè) 試時(shí),震動(dòng)信號(hào)觸發(fā)振動(dòng)儀使其自動(dòng)記錄并將模擬電壓量轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字量進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ),這些數(shù)據(jù)可長(zhǎng)期存放,即使斷電后也不會(huì)丟失。 (3)測(cè)點(diǎn)布置。 監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果分析 根據(jù) 2礦體的開采過程,從 202109~ 202111月對(duì)爆破震動(dòng)進(jìn)行了 16次現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè),取得了掛幫礦開挖過程中的爆破震動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)。 (1)在對(duì)掛幫礦進(jìn)行爆破開采的過程中,各測(cè)點(diǎn)的垂直方向振速與水平振速相差不大,并且其最大振動(dòng)速度遠(yuǎn)小于大冶鐵礦危險(xiǎn)邊坡的臨界振速值 22cm/ s,故可以認(rèn)為現(xiàn)行爆破參數(shù)是可行的。 (3)爆破震動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間一般都在 500ms以內(nèi)。 4 結(jié)論 (1)高陡邊坡的穩(wěn)定性。 (2)爆破對(duì)高陡邊坡的影響不容忽視,應(yīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行減震控制,并根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)需要,爆破震動(dòng)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè),確保安全開采。 6 參考文獻(xiàn) : [1] 事新基.霉天持地下開采不停產(chǎn)過度的探討 [J].冶奎礦山設(shè)計(jì)與建設(shè), 1999. [2] 孛 明.黑旺鐵礦邊角礦律聯(lián)合開采的應(yīng)用 [J].金屬礦山,2021(12), 2O~ 23. [3] 黃石墻礦工程設(shè)計(jì) l競(jìng)有限責(zé)任公司.開采方案設(shè)計(jì)說明書[R].武漢 : 武漢鋼鐵集團(tuán)礦業(yè)有限責(zé)任公司 . 2021. [4] 虞 玨.大墻鐵礦露天南迎坡掛幫礦開采技術(shù)的研究 [D].武漢 :武漢科技大學(xué), 2021. [5] 蔡路革 . 馬建軍 ,用余圭等.巖質(zhì)南邊坡穗定性變形監(jiān)洲廈應(yīng)用[J].全晨礦山, 2021(8) [6] 羅畚成.辱震對(duì)邊坡靜定性影響的研覽現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展 [J].礦業(yè)快報(bào). 2021. 10. [7] 陳柏林.礦山邊坡爆破振動(dòng)洲試與分析 [J].礦業(yè)快報(bào), 2021. 11. [8] 孫風(fēng)采.露天礦邊坡位移監(jiān)洲數(shù)據(jù)可靠性分析口 ].礦業(yè)快報(bào),2021. 2. 7 High steep slope mining safety under Analysis China39。s open mountain slopes into Deep opencast mining, has been adopted to the minimum 168 m level, the slope of up to 440 m, its high for the domestic and international situation steep rare. Currently, the East has been open stope Closed, transferred to the underground mining, but its regional presence to help edge of a large number of hanging wall orebody, for the recovery of resources。s Nest ore ore mining residue toward long 6O ~ 70m, the thickness 30 ~ 50m, the entire orebody was F13 faults which crosses [3,4]. As the hanging wall ore occurrence conditions are 8 unique, in their exploitation of the mining sector has been more headache is the problem, which involves geology, mining engineering, geotechnical engineering, safety and reliability of many disciplines. Produced slope on the hanging wall ore is a strong mining act, two of the safety issues, first, under the conditions of mining rock slope retain its own stability, followed by the mining construction process of the safety of operations. Both interrelated and influence each other, only to ensure that they are safe, mining purposes can be achieved. 2, the deformation of slope safety monitoring Highsteep slope mining hanging wall during the many factors, the role of these factors, Rock may be damaged, leading to the slope deformation, the most extreme oute is the loss of slope stability, and cause landslides. Due to the slope from the deformation of a micro to macro deformation of the transformation process, and the general deformation since the start of the instability is experiencing, Therefore, the slope of the deformation pro