【正文】 （附解釋?zhuān)┯X(jué)悟 to get enlightenment 三大語(yǔ)系佛教 Three languages of Buddhism: 漢語(yǔ)系佛教Chinese Language Buddhism 藏語(yǔ)系佛教Tibetan Language Buddhism 巴利語(yǔ)系佛教 Pali Language Buddhism 大乘佛教Mahayana Buddhism 上座部佛教Theravada Buddhism 金剛乘/密宗Vajrayana Buddhism(Lamaism)中國(guó)佛教Chinese Buddhism 佛經(jīng)Sutra 經(jīng)、律、論 Sutras, Vinaya, Sastra 大藏經(jīng)Tripitaka Sutra 三寶（佛、法、僧）Triratna(Buddha, Dharma, Sangha)“三寶”加被 May “Triratna” bless 法師 Master/Venerable 長(zhǎng)老 Thero/Venerable 大長(zhǎng)老Mahathero/ Most Venerable 方丈/主持Abbot佛教宗派Buddhist School 佛教儀式：Buddhist Ceremony/Buddhist Service for 和平祈禱法會(huì) Buddhist Praying Ceremony for World Peace 禮佛pay respect for Buddha 頌經(jīng)Sutra Chanting 香爐 Incense burner 上香To offer incense to Buddha 因果Cause and effect 成道/成佛To obtain the Buddhahood 覺(jué)悟 To get enlightenment 三皈 go to the Buddha for refuge, go to the Dharma for refuge, go to the Sangha for refuge 五戒follow the five mandments of Buddhism（no killing，no stealing，no sexual misconduct，no lying，no intoxicant）諸惡莫做，眾善奉行，自?xún)羝湟?，既是佛教“To do no evil, to do only good, to purify the will, is the doctrine of all Buddhas” 做功德to make contribution to 普渡終生to save all living beings from sufferings四諦Four noble truths 八正道 Eight noble paths善哉Sadhu(good or excellent)佛教寺院 Monastery/Buddhist Temple 山門(mén)The Front Gate 大雄寶殿 The Main Shrine Hall 圓通殿 The Hall of Universal Understanding 祖師殿 The Hall of Patriarch 觀(guān)音殿 The Hall of Avalokitesvara Buddhisatva 羅漢堂 The Hall of Arhan 藏經(jīng)閣 The Tripitaka Sutra Pavilion 齋堂 Monastic Dinning Hall 四大天王 Four devakings, the protectors of Buddhism 客堂Monastic Reception 韋馱Vitasoka/Vigatasoka, the protector of Buddhism 佛像 Buddha statue 四大名山Four holy mountains of Chinese Buddhism 彌勒佛Maitreya Buddha 五臺(tái)山 Wutai Mountain is the Holy Place of Manjusri Buddhisattva 峨嵋山 Ermei Mountain is the Holy Place of Mahasthama Buddhisattva 九華山 Jiuhua Mountain is the holy place of Ksitigarbha Buddhisattva 普陀山 Putuo Mountain is the holy place of Avalokitesvara Buddhisattva 釋迦牟尼佛Shakyamuni Buddha 迦葉佛Kasyapa Buddha 藥師佛 Bhaisajya Buddha/medicine Buddha 阿彌陀佛 Amitaba Buddha 三世佛 Buddhas of Three Periods: Kasyapa Buddha of the past Shakyamuni Buddha of the present Maitrya Buddha of the future 觀(guān)世音菩薩 Avalokitesvara Buddhisattva 毗廬舍那佛Vairocana Buddha 菩賢菩薩 Samandhabatra Buddhisattva 菩薩Buddhisattva 大勢(shì)智菩薩Mahasthamaprapta Buddhisattva 文殊菩薩Manjusri Buddisattva地藏菩薩 ksitigahba Buddhisattva 善財(cái)童子Sudhana 羅漢 Arhan 西方三圣：阿彌陀佛、觀(guān)音菩薩、大勢(shì)至菩薩Amitaba Buddha Avalokitesvara Buddhisattva Mahasthamaprapta Buddhisattva 達(dá)摩Budhidharma 攝摩騰Kasyapa Matanga 竺法蘭 Gobharana/Dharmaraksa 佛學(xué)院 Buddhist College 僧伽Sangha 僧、尼（比丘、比丘尼）monk、nun(Bhiksu, Bhiksuni)方丈/主持 Abbot 首座Chief monk 監(jiān)院/當(dāng)家 Monastic Manger 侍者 Assistant 中國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì) The Buddhist Association of China 中國(guó)佛學(xué)院The Buddhist Academy of China 會(huì)長(zhǎng)President 副會(huì)長(zhǎng) Vice President 秘書(shū)長(zhǎng) Secretary General 副秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)Deputy Secretary General 任持自性、軌生物解 retaining its own nature,such that it can be recognized 正覺(jué) enlightenment 等覺(jué) / 遍覺(jué) erfect enlightenment圓覺(jué)或無(wú)上覺(jué) supreme or paramount enlingtenment 我空 Emptiness 緣起 dependent origination 八正道 the Noble Eightfold Path 十二因緣 the twelvelinked causal formula 因果律 the causal principle 究竟菩提心 Absolute Bodhi Citta修持六度(布施、持戒、忍辱、精進(jìn)、禪定及智慧波羅蜜)、萬(wàn)行，并救度一切眾生脫離輪回苦海的愿心。眾生因?yàn)樨?、瞋、癡(三毒或煩惱障)而流轉(zhuǎn)于輪回，并承受輪回之苦。或泛指法道上的一切行者，或特指已開(kāi)悟的圣僧。人道:是六道中最幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)槿说辣娚哂羞_(dá)到證悟的最佳機(jī)會(huì)，雖然他們有生、老、病、死之苦：畜生道:由于強(qiáng)烈的愚癡而受生，有深切的暗啞之苦：餓鬼道:由于強(qiáng)烈的慳吝而受生，有極端的饑渴之苦：地獄道:由于強(qiáng)烈的填瞋歸鬼恚心而受生，具有極端的冷熱之苦。十圓滿(mǎn) Ten Assets or Endowments(梵文dasasam pada，藏文jor wa chu)：益于修持佛法的十種因素：生于人道、生于佛法盛傳之地、具有健全的心智、無(wú)極大惡業(yè)、對(duì)佛法有信心、值佛出世、值佛傳法、值法傳世、有修行者與修行的自由及具善知識(shí)之慈悲教導(dǎo)。赤松德贊 Thrisong Deutsen(790~.)：西藏國(guó)王，邀請(qǐng)偉大的印度圣者及瑜伽士至西藏，并建立了西藏的第一座佛教寺廟「桑耶林」（Samye Ling）。經(jīng)藏，佛陀所說(shuō)的經(jīng)文；律藏，佛陀所制定的戒律；論藏，佛弟子所造的論述，主體是現(xiàn)象的分析，是法教的闡釋或論述傳統(tǒng)。涅燊 Nirvana（藏文nya ngen lay day pa）：完全證悟時(shí)所達(dá)到的境界。蓮花生大士 Padmasambhva(藏文Guru Rinpoche)：于第九世紀(jì)應(yīng)邀至西藏，降服邢穢及魔障，并建立寧瑪派傳承，為藏傳佛教之祖師。大乘道所修持的種波羅蜜是：布施波羅蜜、持戒波羅蜜、忍辱波羅蜜、精進(jìn)波羅蜜、禪定波羅蜜、智慧波羅蜜。般若 Prajna（藏文she rab）：在梵文的意思是「圓滿(mǎn)的知識(shí)」，也可以表示智慧、理解或辨識(shí)能力。世俗諦 Relative truth（藏文kun dzop）：和勝義諦（或譯為圣諦、真諦）合稱(chēng)為二諦。儀軌 Sadhana（藏文drup tap）：密續(xù)修法的法本，詳細(xì)地?cái)⑹鋈绾斡^(guān)修本尊的壇城及禪定。止 Samatha or tranquility meditation（藏文Shi nye）：基本的禪修方法。報(bào)身Samb Hogakaya 又稱(chēng)為「法樂(lè)身」，示現(xiàn)給菩薩。眾生因?yàn)樨?、瞋、癡(三毒或煩惱障)而流轉(zhuǎn)于輪回，并承受輪回之苦。僧眾可能是法道上的一切修行者，或是已開(kāi)悟的出家眾。經(jīng)乘 Satrayana：經(jīng)乘的證悟方法包括小乘及大乘。悉地 Siddhis（藏文ngo drub）：佛教成就者的修行成就。人道，是六道中最幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)槿说辣娚哂羞_(dá)到證悟的最佳機(jī)會(huì)，雖然他們有生、老、病、死之苦 畜生道，由于強(qiáng)烈的愚癡而受生，有深切的暗啞之苦： 餓鬼道，由于強(qiáng)烈的慳吝而受生，有極端的饑渴之苦： 地獄道，由于強(qiáng)烈的填瞋歸鬼恚心而受生，具有極端的冷熱之苦。色蘊(yùn)、受蘊(yùn)、想蘊(yùn)、行蘊(yùn)及識(shí)蘊(yùn)等五蘊(yùn)，是將物體的存在轉(zhuǎn)化為知覺(jué)的五種基本功能。氣脈 Subtle Channels（藏文tsa）：氣脈指的是有氣的能量或「風(fēng)」，《梵文「波若那」（Prana），藏文即「?。↙ung）」》，循環(huán)于其中的微細(xì)管道，而不是解剖學(xué)上的脈。密續(xù) Tantra（藏文gyu）：金剛乘法教及其典籍。三寶 Three Jewels(藏文kon chok sum)：佛寶、法寶及僧寶。佛陀所制定的戒律；論藏，佛弟子所造的論述，主體是現(xiàn)象的分析，是法教的闡釋或論述傳統(tǒng)。Whenever A is absent, B is , from the arising of A, B arises。通常認(rèn)為佛教是公元67年漢朝時(shí)期從新疆傳到中原的。佛教在中國(guó)的發(fā)展大體上可以分為以下幾個(gè)時(shí)期。在這個(gè)時(shí)期，傳譯了很多佛教經(jīng)文，白馬寺也是在這個(gè)時(shí)期建立的，標(biāo)志著佛教教義在中國(guó)的第一次傳播。第三時(shí)期是隋朝（581—618）和唐朝（618—907）佛教在中國(guó)迎來(lái)了鼎盛時(shí)期并取得前所未有的發(fā)展。因此，在這個(gè)時(shí)期，道教在中國(guó)取得了空前的發(fā)展。中華人民共和國(guó)成立以后, 實(shí)施宗教信仰自由的政策，中國(guó)佛教進(jìn)入新的發(fā)展時(shí)期。Buddhism is the most important religion in is generally believed that it was spread to China in 67 AD during the Han Dynasty(206 BC220)from Hotan in Xinjiang to Central its development in China, it has a profound influence on traditional Chinese culture and thoughts, and has bee one of the most important religions in China at that general, the development of Buddhism in China can be divided into the following first period is Buddhism in Han Dynasty when it was just introduced into this period of time, many Buddhist scriptures were translated and White Horse Temple was built during this period of time and it signifies the first time of Buddhism doctrines delivered in second period is in Jin(265420), Northern and Southern Dynasties(386589)when more Buddhist scriptures were translated and Buddhist writings came the beginning of Northern and Southern Dynasties, Chinese Buddhism has entered its prosperous third period is the Sui(581618)and Tang(618907)Dynasties when Buddhism weled its heyday and got unprecedented emperors of the Sui Dynasty believed in Buddhism, and though Tang39。s Republic of China and the implementing of the policy of freedom in religion belief, Chinese Buddhism embraced its new grow