【正文】 降觀測(cè)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了周期性的觀測(cè)，并得出了相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)，通過(guò)理論分析，論證了圖書(shū)館在近期的沉降變化情況及其穩(wěn)定性，驗(yàn)證了有關(guān)建筑地基、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的理論和設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的準(zhǔn)確性與可靠性 。 同時(shí)，提出了具體的一些預(yù)防沉降的措施，用以指導(dǎo)建筑物的設(shè)計(jì)、施工和已有建筑物的健康維護(hù) 。 因此需要對(duì)施工中的重要建筑物和已發(fā)現(xiàn)變形的建筑物進(jìn)行變形觀測(cè)，掌握其變形量、變形發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和規(guī)律，以便一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)建筑物不利的變形可以及時(shí)采取加固措施，以確保建筑物的施工安全和使用安全 。 山東理工大學(xué) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 題 目： 山東理工大學(xué)圖書(shū)館 沉降觀測(cè)方案設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué) 院： 建筑工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè)： 測(cè) 繪 工 程 學(xué)生姓名 ： 白 利 鋒 指導(dǎo)教師 ： 張 海 玲 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）時(shí)間：二 〇〇 九 年 3月 23 日～ 6 月 19 日 共 15 周摘要 I 摘 要 隨著我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的不斷 深入和經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的飛速發(fā)展，各種建筑物及重點(diǎn)工程不斷出現(xiàn) 。 這些建筑物在施工和運(yùn)營(yíng)過(guò)程中，由于地質(zhì)條件和土壤性質(zhì)的不同、地下水位和大氣溫度的變化、建筑物荷載和外力作用等影響，使其在施工和使用過(guò)程中，會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的變形，當(dāng)這種變形在一定限度內(nèi)時(shí)可認(rèn)為屬正?，F(xiàn)象，但超過(guò)了一定的范圍就會(huì)影響其正常使用并危及建筑物自身及人身的安全 。 本次設(shè)計(jì) 采用三等水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量的方法對(duì)我校圖書(shū)館的沉降變化進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，闡述了圖書(shū)館沉降觀測(cè)的等級(jí)和所達(dá)到的技術(shù)指標(biāo)，研究了建筑物沉降觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的布設(shè)原則，以及在特定條件下如何進(jìn)行基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的選擇與埋設(shè)及基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)、觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的外業(yè)觀測(cè)和內(nèi)業(yè)計(jì)算 。 主要成果有： （ 1）依據(jù)圖書(shū)館所處位置及周圍控制點(diǎn)分布情況，合理地選擇了對(duì)圖書(shū)館沉降及其變形進(jìn)行觀測(cè)的基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)和工作基點(diǎn)，并與已知控制點(diǎn)進(jìn)行聯(lián)測(cè)，得到了基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，建立了沉降觀測(cè)網(wǎng)，為進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行多周期觀測(cè)做 好了準(zhǔn)備條件，具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義 。 （ 3）運(yùn)用 Microsoft Excel電子表格處理軟件代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)手工進(jìn)行沉降觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的整理、計(jì)算和匯總 。 關(guān)鍵詞： 變形觀測(cè)，沉降觀測(cè)， 基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)， 工作基點(diǎn)，觀測(cè)點(diǎn)，穩(wěn)定性英文摘要 II Abstract Along with the deepening of reform and opening up,and the rapid development of the economic construction, various buildings and key projects continue to emerge. During construction operations, due to the impact of geological conditions, different soil properties, the changes of groundwater levels and atmospheric temperature, the building load and external force and so on, there would produce a certain deformation in the process of the construction and using. When such a deformation is in a certain extent, it can be considered to be a normal phenomenon. But when it is over the certain range, the normal use of buildings will be affected, and their own and personal safety will be endangered. Hence the deformation observations are needed for the construction of important buildings and structures, or which have been found with deformations. We can master its deformations, development trends and patterns of deformation, in order to found the detrimental deformation in time and take reinforcement measures, ensuring the safety of building construction and using. This design uses a third degree level measurement to our university library, and have a observation and research of the change of its settlement. The degree of the observations on the settlement of the library, the level of technical indicators and the principles of laying buildings settlement observation points are told. Under certain conditions, how to choose and laid the reference point, as well as observe and calculate the elevation. Finally, a number of specific measures are raised to prevent the settlement, guide the building design and construction, and maintenance the health of existing structures. The main results are as follows： (1)Based on the library location and the surrounding distribution of control points, we choose the reference points and work points, and joint measure with the control point, establish a observation work of the settlement. (2)Carry out a cyclical observations of the settlement points, and obtain corresponding data by theoretical analysis, demonstrated that the library settlement changes in the near future and its stability. (3)Use the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with data processing software to replace the traditional manual data collation, calculation and aggregation for the settlement. 英文摘要 III (4)Study on deformation, deformation trend forecasts, in order to provide a basis for diagnosis of security, and finally raise some control measures to prevent the differential settlement of buildings. Key words： deformation observation, reference point, settlement observations, work points, observation points, stability目錄 IV 目 錄 摘 要 ...................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT（ 英文摘要 ） ...................................................................................... Ⅱ 目 錄 ...................................................................................................................... IV 第一章 引 言 ......................................................................................................... 1 課題的目的和意義 ........................................................................................ 1 變形觀測(cè)研究近期的進(jìn)展 ............................................................................ 3 本課題的研究目標(biāo)、方法和內(nèi)容 ................................................................ 7 第二章 變形觀測(cè)的基本理論 ................................................................................ 8 引起變形的原因分析 .................................................................................... 8 類型劃分、觀測(cè)方法及特點(diǎn) ........................................................................ 8 監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)參考基準(zhǔn)的選取與統(tǒng)一 .................................................................... 10 建筑物變形觀測(cè)的實(shí)施過(guò)程 ........................................................................ 12 觀測(cè)成果的整理與分析 ................................................................................ 13 反饋調(diào)整，確保安全 .................................................................................... 14 第三章 圖書(shū)館沉降觀測(cè)方案設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................ 15 山東理工大學(xué)圖書(shū)館概況 ............................................................................. 15 變形觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的布設(shè) ......................................................................................... 15 沉降觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的布設(shè) .................................................................................... 16 基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)的設(shè)置 ............................................................................................ 18 觀測(cè)周期及頻率的確定 ................................................................................. 19 觀測(cè)方法和精度要求 ......................................