【正文】 .............................................................. 25 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................................................................................. 26 東華理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 引言 1 1 引言 研究的意義 隨著生活水平的提高和環(huán)保意識(shí)的加強(qiáng) , 人們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)注自己的生活空間。 Estimate。 is mSv/a, the works39。 effective dose caused by the inhalation of internal radiation of radon were estimated. According to the survey data: the average level of outdoor radon concentration in East China Institute of Technology is the average level of indoor radon concentration is , which is below the national standard. The students39。 learning, the life and the working conditions. We have measured the indoor and outdoor ambient air radon concentration in the selected area by using RAD7,and the results were counted and analyzed and factors affecting the radon concentration are discussed in this essay. Finally, the teachers39。 health and the normal teaching work. In order to get a prehensive understanding of the situation of the indoor radon concentration levels in East China Institute of Technology, the indoor and outdoor radon concentration levels in campus was measured and analyzed. This paper discusses the dangers, the source, basic nature and measuring means of radon. The different area of campus measured, according to the teachers39。s living habits are changing. The extensive use of air conditioner lowers the efficiency of ventilation and gas exchange indoor, which increases the potential hazards of radon radiation pollution. Radon is the main source of natural radiation human suffers from. Radon and its daughters is announced as one of 19 the major environmental carcinogens by WHO (World Health Organization). As a cultural transmission area, campus environment of good and bad directly affect each teachers39。 關(guān)鍵詞： 氡濃度； 評(píng)價(jià)； 東華理工大學(xué) 東華 理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 摘要 Abstract There is radioactive radon and radon daughters in people39。 根據(jù)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示：東華理工大學(xué)室外平均氡濃度為 ，室內(nèi)氡濃度平均值 為 ，所測(cè)室內(nèi)氡濃度均低于國(guó)家限制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 本論文從氡的危害、氡的來(lái)源、基本性質(zhì)、測(cè)量手段等幾個(gè)方面展開(kāi)論述， 根據(jù)在校師生的學(xué)習(xí)、生活和工作特點(diǎn)，將校園按不同區(qū)域進(jìn)行布點(diǎn)測(cè)量。 校園作為一個(gè)文化傳播區(qū)，校園環(huán)境的好與壞直接影響著學(xué)校每一 位師生的健康和正常的教學(xué)工作。隨著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展，生活質(zhì)量的不斷提高，人們的生活習(xí)慣正在發(fā)生改變，空調(diào)的廣泛使用使得居室通風(fēng)換氣效果變差，增加了氡輻射污染的潛在危害。 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（ 論 文 ） 題 目： 東華理工大學(xué)氡濃度測(cè)量與劑量評(píng)價(jià) 英文題： Radon Concentration Measurement and Radon Dose Assessment of ECIT 學(xué)生姓名 專 業(yè) 核工程與核技術(shù) 班 級(jí) 指導(dǎo)教師 二零一一年 六 月 東華 理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 摘要 摘 要 放射性氣體氡及其子體普遍存在于人們生活環(huán)境中。半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，氡的危害性受到了廣泛的關(guān)注，關(guān)于氡及其子體對(duì)人體潛在的危害的研究也越來(lái)越多。氡是人類所受天然輻射照射的最主要來(lái)源，氡及其子體所致公眾劑量及對(duì)健康的影響在世界范圍內(nèi)受到高度重視，被WHO（世界衛(wèi)生組織〕公布為 19 種主要的環(huán)境致癌物質(zhì)之一。為全面了解東華理工大學(xué)室內(nèi)外氡濃度水平狀況，本論文對(duì)校園室外內(nèi)氡濃度水平進(jìn)行了測(cè)量和分析。采用便攜式測(cè)氡儀RAD7 對(duì)所選擇地點(diǎn)的氡濃度進(jìn)行測(cè)量，并對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)與分析，并對(duì)氡濃度影響因素進(jìn)行了討論，最后對(duì)吸入氡內(nèi)照射所致師生有效劑量進(jìn)行估算。校園內(nèi)學(xué)生、教室和非教師職工吸入氡所致內(nèi)照射有效劑量分別為： mSv/a， mSv/a， mSv/a，均低于國(guó)際估計(jì)值 。s living environment. Since the recent half century, the danger of radon has got a wide range of concerns and researches on the potential harm that radon and its daughters may do to human body, which has bee more and more. With the development of society and improvement of people’s quality of life, people39。 and students39。 and students39。 and students39。 effective dose caused by the inhalation of internal radiation of radon is mSv/a， and the teachers39。 is mSv/a, which are both less than International estimate. Key words: Radon consistence。 East China Institute of Technology東華理工大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 目錄 目錄 1 引言 .................................................................................................................................... 1 研究的意義 ............................................................................................................. 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ..................................................................................................... 1 國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................................................. 1 國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 .............................................................................................. 2 研究的內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................................. 3 2 氡的理論基礎(chǔ) ................................................................................................................... 4 氡的基本特性 ......................................................................................................... 4 氡的物理性質(zhì) .............................................................................................. 4 氡的化學(xué)性質(zhì) .............................................................................................. 4 氡的輻射性質(zhì) .............................................................................................. 5 氡的來(lái)源 ................................................................................................................ 6 室外空氣中氡的來(lái)源 .................................................................................. 6 室內(nèi)空氣中氡的來(lái)源 .................................................................................. 7 氡的危害 ................................................................................................................ 7 氡 危害的生物作用機(jī)理 .............................................................................. 7 氡危害認(rèn)識(shí)的歷史過(guò)程 .............................................................................. 8 國(guó)內(nèi)外室內(nèi)氡控制限值標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ...................................................................... 9 3 東華理工大學(xué)氡濃度調(diào)查與方案設(shè) 計(jì) ..........................................................................11 測(cè)點(diǎn)布置 ............................................................