【正文】 sumption and continuously improved speed. As the CMOS process has good performance merits, therefore the operational amplifier bined with CMOS technique has been widely used because of its unique performance. As the most important functional module in analog integrated circuits, the design of CMOS operational amplifier includes several steps as follows: determination design requirements, design or synthesis, simulation, design geometric layout, postlayout simulation, tapeout and test. The formal steps of the design of the twostage CMOS operational amplifiers was provided in this paper, and the basic circuit structures of the twostage CMOS operational amplifier was introduced. Based on determining the opamp design specifications, the relationship between performance parameters and transistor geometry parameters was analyzed and the ratio of the transistors width to length was calculated. As a kind of simulation tool, the structural characteristics and work performance of OrCAD was described in detail. The feasibility of the design was determined by using PSpice simulation. Analysis of bias point, transient and the frequency characteristics of the circuit have been pleted in this paper, and the simulation results showed that the designed circuit meets the design requirements and targets, also design the reliability and feasibility of the twostage CMOS operational amplifier has been fired. Key words: CMOS； Operational amplifier； Pspice simulation； Small signal amplification；Frequency response 蘭州交通大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 1 目錄 摘 要 .......................................................................................................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 論文 在 介紹仿真環(huán)境 OrCAD的結(jié)構(gòu) 特點(diǎn)及其 工作 性能 的基礎(chǔ)上，對所設(shè)計的電路進(jìn)行了 PSpice軟件 仿真， 得到了 設(shè)計電路 的 直流 工 作點(diǎn)、瞬態(tài)以及頻率特性 的仿真結(jié)果 。本論文 主要 對 兩 級 CMOS運(yùn) 算放大器 進(jìn)行了 前 端 設(shè)計 及仿真 。 因此，有必要對用 CMOS運(yùn)算放大器進(jìn)行深入的學(xué)習(xí)和研究。蘭州交通大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） I 摘 要 隨著 集成電路工藝的發(fā)展 ， CMOS電路由于其低成本、低功耗以及速度的不斷提高，在集成電路中獲得越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用 。 CMOS運(yùn) 算放大器也因其獨(dú)特的性能優(yōu)勢 常被用于模擬集成系統(tǒng)或子系統(tǒng)中，它的性能的好壞直接決定了整個模擬集成系統(tǒng)性能的好壞 。 CMOS運(yùn)算 放大器作為模擬 集成 電路最重要的 功能 模塊，其設(shè)計一般包括以下幾個步驟：確定設(shè)計要求；設(shè)計或綜合；仿真；幾何版圖設(shè)計；版圖后仿真；流片；測試。 論文 在 確定 了兩級 CMOS運(yùn) 放設(shè)計規(guī)范要求的基礎(chǔ)上 ，設(shè)計 了 兩級 CMOS運(yùn) 算放大器的基本電路結(jié)構(gòu)， 分析了各組成模塊的電路功能， ，通過分析性能參數(shù)與 MOS管 幾 何參數(shù)的關(guān)系， 得到了電路中 各MOS管 的 寬長比。仿真結(jié)果分析表明所設(shè)計的電路 符合預(yù)期的 設(shè)計 要求和設(shè)計指標(biāo)，也驗證了設(shè)計 的兩級 CMOS運(yùn) 算放大器的可靠性和可行性 。 Abstract.......................................................................................................................................II ......................................................................................................................................... 1 運(yùn)算放大器 .................................................................................................................. 1 運(yùn)算放大器概述 ............................................................................................... 1 運(yùn)算放大器發(fā)展歷史 ....................................................................................... 1 運(yùn)算放大器原理與類型 ................................................................................... 2 CMOS 集成工藝 ........................................................................................................... 4 論文選題的意義 .......................................................................................................... 5 CMOS 運(yùn)算放大器的設(shè)計 ............................................................................................. 6 兩級 CMOS 運(yùn)算放大器的組成模塊選擇原則 ....................................................... 6 第一級放大模塊 .............................................................................................. 7 第二級放大模塊級輸出模塊 .......................................................................... 8 偏置及補(bǔ)償模塊 ............................................................................................ 10 兩級 CMOS 運(yùn)放電路 ............................................................................................. 10 兩級 CMOS 運(yùn)放的電路結(jié)構(gòu) ......................................................................... 10 兩級 CMOS 運(yùn)放的工作原理 ........................................................................... 12 兩級 CMOS 運(yùn)放的參數(shù)計算 ................................................................................. 12 設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及參數(shù) ............................................................................................. 12 工藝參數(shù)的計算 ............................................................................................. 13 小結(jié) ............................................................................................................................ 19 CMOS 運(yùn)算放大器的電路仿真 ................................................................................... 20 仿真環(huán)境 OrCAD ....................................................................................................... 20 直流工作點(diǎn)分析 ....................................................................................................... 23 瞬態(tài)特性分析 ........................................................................................................... 28 頻率特性分析 ........................................................................................................... 32 小結(jié) ........................................................................................................................... 34 4 電路的優(yōu)化設(shè)計 .................................................................................................................. 35 頻帶寬度優(yōu)化 ............................................................................................................ 35 輸出端最大值優(yōu)化 .................................................................................................... 38 結(jié)論及展望 .............................................................................................................................. 41 致謝 ............................................................................................