【正文】 6? Overview So...What is Six Sigma? ? A Measurement System ? A ProblemSolving Approach ? A Disciplined Change Process “ THE SIX SIGMA BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY” Measure Analyze Improve Control 6? Overview How Do We Arrive at Sigma? Measuring Eliminating Defects is the “Core” of Six Sigma Measurement System Identify the CTQs Look for Defects in Products or Services ? “ Critical to Quality” Characteristics or the Customer Requirements for a Product or Service ? Count Defects or failures to meet CTQ requirements in all process steps Define Defect Opportunities ? Any step in the process where a Defect could occur in a CTQ Arrive at DPMO ? Use the SIGMA TABLE Convert DPMO to Sigma ? Defects Per Million Opportunities 2 3 4 5 6 308,537 66,807 6,210 233 PPM ?? Defects per Million of Opportunity Sigma Level 6? Overview Measurement System 2 3 4 5 6 308,537 66,807 6,210 233 PPM SIGMA LEVEL DEFECTS per MILLION OPPORTUNITY ?? IRS Tax Advice Best Companies Airline Safety Average Company GE Airline Baggage Doctor?s Prescription Restaurant Bills { { { { Average Company in 3? to 4??Range Some Sigma “Benchmarks” 6? Overview Measurement System A Graphic/Quantitative Perspective on Variation Average Value Many Data Sets Have a Normal or Bell Shape Number of People Arriving at CRD Time 7:00 7:15 7:30 7:45 8:00 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00 9:15 6? Overview Problem Solving Approach Center Process Reduce Spread X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X OffTarget Unpredictable OnTarget 6??Helps us Identify and Reduce VARIATION due to: Insufficient Process Capability Unstable Parts Materials Inadequate Design Margin Target USL LSL Target USL LSL Target USL LSL Center Process Reduce Spread OffTarget Unpredictable OnTarget Defects 6? Overview Problem Solving Approach “ Lower Specification Limit” “ Upper Specification Limit” Less Variation Means Fewer Defects Higher Process Yields 6? Overview Problem Solving Approach Key Components of “BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY” Measure Analyze Improve Control ? Identify CTQ CTP (Critical to Process) Variables ? Do Process Mapping ? Develop and Validate Measurement Systems ? Benchmark and Baseline Processes ? Calculate Yield and Sigma ? Target Opportunities and Establish Improvement Goals ? Use of Pareto Chart Fishbone Diagrams ? Use Design of Experiments ? Isolate the “Vital Few” from the “Trivial Many” Sources of Variation ? Test for Improvement in Centering ? Use of Brainstorming and Action Workouts ? Set up Control Mechanisms ? Monitor Process Variation ? Maintain “In Control” Processes ? Use of Control Charts and Procedures A Mix of Concepts and Tools Will Also Integrate with NPI Process 6? Overview Disciplined Change Process A New Set of QUALITY MEASURES ? Customer Satisfaction ? Cost of Poor Quality ? Supplier Quality ? Internal Performance ? Design for Manufacturability Will Apply to Manufacturing NonManufacturing Processes and be Tracked Reported by Each Business 6? Overview Structure Quality Council ? Members: Labs Functions ? “Pipeline” BB Project Priorities ? Training Certification ? Measurements Rewards ? Communications Champions ? Leadership: Overall Initiative ? Project Funding ? HR: Training Rewards Black Belts ? Lead 6? Project Teams ? “Measure/Analyze” ? “Improve/Control” ? Out with Businesses ? Here at CRD Master Black Belts ? Teach 6? ? Mentor Black Belts ? Monitor BB Projects ? Work “Pipeline” Projects ? A Resource Pool Team Members ? Learn/Use 6? Tools ? Work on BB Projects ? Part of The Job ? Out with Businesses 6? Projects with the GE Businesses ??g S i x S i g m a P a c i f i c O r g a n i z a t i o n C h a r tR a c h e l D u a nQ u a l i t y L e a d e rR a c h e l D u a nQ u a l i t y L e a d e rS t e v e D o w d l eS e r v i c e M B BY o n k e T h i oP S I M B BJ a c k i e L i me B u s i n e s s B BH i r o s h i M o r o k u m aT C O M B B( O p e n )G r o w t h M B BD a v i d C h a nG E P G C M B BJ i n B o n g C h o iG E P K M B BN N L o wG E P S M B BM i l i n d A w a l g a o n k a rG E P A M B BK i y o s h i M o r i o k aG E P J M B BG E P P P r o c e s s M B B ’ sR e g i o n a l M B B ’ sgS i x S i g m aPro j ect Su p p o rt /T rai n i n gFu n ct i o n alC o m m i t m en tW i t h A ct i o n 44222415D a vi d C ha n ( M B B )F or ni a F ungS i x S i gm a A dm i ni s t r a t orA l a n L e ung ( S a l e s )E ddy W u ( M a r ke t i ng)F L ’ s G B ’ s P r o c e s s B B ’ sG e or ge H ua ng( H K / T a i w a n)A da m S he n ( N or t h P R C ) 1/ 2A da m J i n ( S out h P R C )G ro w thM i m i Y i ng ( H K )O pe n ( N ans ha )O pe n ( Shanghai )