【正文】 contact or trapping Cinema seats Shoulder or hip width, thigh length Largest user: 95th percentile A fortable and safe posture Worksurface heights Elbow height, sitting eye height, elbow height (sitting or standing) Most of the users: 50th percentile Special fitting Headphones Head circumference Maximum range: 5th to 95th percentile (adjustable design) 2023/9/26 16 SMT Training for Productivity Assembly Line Balancing ? Equalize workload among the assemblies. ? Identify the bottleneck operation. ? Establish the speed of the assembly line. ? Determine the number of work stations. ? Determine the labor cost of assembly. ? Establish the percent workload of each operator. ? Assist in plant layout. ? Reduce production cost. 2023/9/26 17 SMT Training for Productivity Table for Assembly Line Balancing No. Operation RValue Cycle time stations Avg. cycle time % Load Hrs / 1000 Pcs. / hr A1 Subassembly 1 100 285 A2 Assembly 3 70 95 ? Major items: operation description, Rvalue, cycle time, number of stations, average cycle time, percent load, hours per 1000 pieces, and number of pieces per hour. ? An example is as follows. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2023/9/26 18 SMT Training for Productivity Items for Assembly Line Balancing Table Rvalue (plant rate): n Takt time or time needed to produce a product. n = effective production time / required production volume. Cycle time: n Standard time for operation. n Collected from time study. stations: = Cycle time / Rvalue Average cycle time: n = Cycle time / stations 1 2 3 4 2023/9/26 19 SMT Training for Productivity Items for Assembly Line Balancing Table % Load: Tell how busy each work station is pared to the busiest work station. % Load = Avg. cycle time / highest avg. cycle time. Highest avg. cycle time (100% station) is the bottleneck. 100% station is reduced by 1%, then we will save 1% for all stations. The less percent loaded, the more desirable to be subassembled or bined. 5 2023/9/26 20 SMT Training for Productivity Items for Assembly Line Balancing Table Hours / 1000 : The hours per 1000 units produced. Choose the bottleneck station. = (Avg. cycle time / 60 mins) x 1000 For more than one workers at the station, “hrs/1000” = workers x “hrs/1000” of bottleneck. Because everyone on an assembly line must work at the same rate. Pcs. / hr : Number of units produced hourly by one worker at the station. = 1 / “Hrs/1000” X 1000 6 7 2023/9/26 21 SMT Training for Productivity Improve Assembly Line Balancing ? Calculate the Line Balance rate ? Reducing the bottleneck station. ? Combining the bottleneck station with an operation in front or behind. ? Combining other operations to eliminate one of them. 2023/9/26 22 SMT Training for Productivity Example: Original Line Balance No. Operation RValue (mins) Cycle time (mins) stations Avg. cycle time (mins) % Load Hrs / 1000 Pcs. / hr 1 Place bottom housing on line and lubricate 1 80 240 2 Assemble parts 3, 4, 5 1 100 240 3 Assemble parts 6 7 together and place subassembly in housing 2 61 120 4 Drive 6 bolts holding subassembly in bottom housing 3 80 80 5 Get vent cover cement in place assembly to bottom housing 1 79 240 6 Get top housing, apply cement assemble to bottom housing 2 58 120 7 Place in carton in master carton (6 per) and aside to pallet 3 83 80 Total 13 ? Producing new plastic charger。 move them down, not up. Eg. Use a chute to transport the products by its own gravity. 2023/9/26 34 SMT Training for Productivity Applying the Principles of Motion Economy 6. Try to set your chair or desk at the most fortable position and make sure your lighting is bright enough and at a good angle. 7. If you utilize your legs and feet, you can lighten the load on your arms and hands. 2023/9/26 35 SMT Training for Productivity Applying the Principles of Motion Economy 8. Sidetoside eye movements are less tiring than upanddown ones. 9. Whenever possible, bine procedures, using your tools as ext