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質(zhì)量控制概要(ppt73)中英文-展示頁(yè)

2025-01-27 12:24本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 mit( 檢測(cè)限) – Quantitation limit( 定量限) 20 Calibration (校準(zhǔn) ) ? Directly affects accuracy(直接影響準(zhǔn)確度 ) ? Preparation of standards(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制備 ) – Matrix (基體 ) – Stability(穩(wěn)定性 ) ? Signal type: peak area, peak height –信號(hào)類型 :峰面積 ,峰高 21 Calibration (校準(zhǔn) ) ? Calibration curves(校準(zhǔn)曲線 ) – 1st order – straight line(一級(jí) 直線 ) – Quadratic – acceptable but requires more points(二次方程 可以接受 ,但需要更多點(diǎn) ) ? Internal standards(內(nèi)標(biāo) ) – Refines calibration response(增強(qiáng)校準(zhǔn)響應(yīng) ) – Added to samples and standards(加入樣品和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中 ) – Must behave like the analyte(象被分析物一樣表現(xiàn) ) – Cannot be in samples – rare elements, deuterated pounds(樣品中沒(méi)有 稀有元素 ,含重氘的化合物 ) 22 Calibration (校準(zhǔn) ) ? Calibration verification (校準(zhǔn)驗(yàn)證 ) – Repeated calibration standard ? 重復(fù)校準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn) – Interval may be every 20 samples (ICPMS) or once every run (GCFID) ? 間隔 :20個(gè)樣品 (ICPMS) ? 每次 (GCFID) 23 Blanks(空白 ) ? Used to monitor contamination(監(jiān)測(cè)污染 ) – Reagent blanks(試劑空白 ) – Instrument blanks(儀器空白 ) – Field blanks(場(chǎng)地空白 ) – Trip blanks(路途空白 ) – Procedural / method blanks(程序 /方法空白 ) – Matrix blanks(基體空白 ) – Others?(其它 ) 24 Recovery Studies( 回收率研究) ? Used to monitor accuracy( 監(jiān)測(cè)準(zhǔn)確度) – Matrix spikes( 基體加標(biāo)) – Fortified blanks( 增加加標(biāo)) – Surrogates( 替代) – Reference Materials( 參考物質(zhì)) 25 Matrix Spikes( 基體加標(biāo)) ? Known amount of analyte added to sample – 在樣品中加入已知量的被分析物 ? Important with plex matrix – 對(duì)復(fù)雜基體很重要 ? Generally added prior to extraction process(通常在提取前加入) ? Sometimes difficult to know amount to spike ahead of time( 有時(shí)很難提前知道加標(biāo)量) 26 Fortified Blanks( 增強(qiáng)空白) ? Analyte spike into reagent blank –在試劑空白中加入被分析物標(biāo)樣 ? Carried through sample preparation process –在樣品準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中加入 27 Surrogate( 替代) ? Compound with similar properties to target analyte – 與被分析物具有相近特性的化合物 ? Added to all samples (unknowns and QC) but not standards – 在所有樣品 (未知的和 QC)中加入,但標(biāo)樣中不加 ? Used to monitor method performance on a sample (matrix) specific basis – 應(yīng)基于特定樣品(基體),用于監(jiān)測(cè)方法表現(xiàn) 28 Reference Materials 參考物質(zhì) ? Matrix matched materials with known concentration of analytes( 被分析物已知濃度的基體匹配的物質(zhì)) ? May be external or inhouse( 外部 或室內(nèi)) ? Sources( 來(lái)源) – NIST (US) – NRC (Canada) – European Union( 歐盟) – Commercial Vendors( 商業(yè)渠道) 29 Reference Materials 參考物質(zhì) ? Used primarily to monitor accuracy – 主要用于監(jiān)測(cè)準(zhǔn)確度 ? May be used for other quality – 用于其它質(zhì)量目的 ? measures (precision, sensitivity) – 測(cè)量(精密度、靈敏度) ? Best overall QC?( 最好的全面質(zhì)量控制?) ? Expensive( 費(fèi)用高) 30 Precision Studies( 精密度研究) ? Duplicates( 重復(fù)) – Field duplicates( 場(chǎng)地重復(fù)) – Lab duplicates( 實(shí)驗(yàn)室重復(fù)) – Instrument duplicates( 儀器重復(fù)) – Interlab splits( 室內(nèi)分樣) ? Used to identify variance in different processes( 用于識(shí)別不同過(guò)程的變異) 31 Sensitivity Studies 靈敏度研究 ? Usually performed initially, then periodically thereafter –通常最開(kāi)始要做,以后定期做 ? Multiple replicates of a blank or lowlevel standard –空白或低含量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)多次重復(fù) 32 Sensitivity Studies 靈敏度研究 ? Detection Limit – no quantitation –檢測(cè)限 非定量 ? Quantitation Limit – Accuracy criteria added –定量限 –準(zhǔn)確度準(zhǔn)則 33 Sensitivity Studies 靈敏度研究 ? Detection Limit – 99% certainty that the concentration is greater than zero – that the analyte is present in the sample( 檢測(cè)限 —99%確定濃度大于 0樣品中有被分析物) – Uncertainty is high (+/ 100% or more) ? 不確定度高( +/ 100% 或更高) ? Quantitation Limit( 定量限) – Lowest concentration that can be determined with a given accuracy (. 20% relative error) ? 在一定準(zhǔn)確度下(如 20%相對(duì)誤差)可以測(cè)定出的最低濃度 34 Linearity( 線性) ? Deter
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