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2、數(shù)據(jù)倉庫和數(shù)據(jù)挖掘的olap技術(shù)-展示頁

2025-01-17 16:10本頁面
  

【正文】 銷售數(shù)據(jù)的 4D立方體表示 (P31, 圖 22) ? 多維數(shù)據(jù)模型為不同角度上的數(shù)據(jù)建模和觀察提供了一個良好的基礎(chǔ) 多維數(shù)據(jù)模型 (4) ? 在數(shù)據(jù)倉庫的研究文獻中,一個 n維的數(shù)據(jù)的立方體叫做 基本方體 。 0維方體存放最高層的匯總,稱作頂點方體 ;而存放最底層匯總的方體則稱為 基本方體 。這種模型可以以星型模式、雪花模式、或事實星座模式的形式存在。 ? 雪花模式( Snowflake schema) : 是星型模式的變種,其中某些維表是規(guī)范化的,因而把數(shù)據(jù)進一步分解到附加表中。 ? 事實星座( Fact constellations) : 多個事實表共享維表 , 這種模式可以看作星型模式集,因此稱為星系模式( galaxy schema),或者事實星座( fact constellation) 星型模式實例 time_key day day_of_the_week month quarter year time location_key street city state_or_province country location Sales Fact Table time_key item_key branch_key location_key units_sold dollars_sold avg_sales Measures item_key item_name brand type supplier_type item branch_key branch_name branch_type branch 雪花模式實例 time_key day day_of_the_week month quarter year time location_key street city_key location Sales Fact Table time_key item_key branch_key location_key units_sold dollars_sold avg_sales Measures item_key item_name brand type supplier_key item branch_key branch_name branch_type branch supplier_key supplier_type supplier city_key city state_or_province country city 事實星座模式實例 time_key day day_of_the_week month quarter year time location_key street city province_or_state country location Sales Fact Table time_key item_key branch_key location_key units_sold dollars_sold avg_sales Measures item_key item_name brand type supplier_type item branch_key branch_name branch_type branch Shipping Fact Table time_key item_key shipper_key from_location to_location dollars_cost units_shipped shipper_key shipper_name location_key shipper_type shipper 一種數(shù)據(jù)挖掘查詢語言 : DMQL ? DMQL首先包括定義數(shù)據(jù)倉庫和數(shù)據(jù)集市的語言原語,這包括兩種原語定義:一種是立方體定義,一種是維定義 ? 立方體定義 (事實表 ) define cube cube_name [dimension_list]: measure_list ? 維定義 (維表 ) define dimension dimension_name as (attribute_or_subdimension_list) ? 特殊案例 (共享維表的定義 ) ? 第一次作為維表定義 “ cube definition” ? 然后: define dimension dimension_name as dimension_name_first_time in cube cube_name_first_time 實例:使用 DMQL定義星型模式 define cube sales_star [time, item, branch, location]: dollars_sold = sum(sales_in_dollars), avg_sales = avg(sales_in_dollars), units_sold = count(*) define dimension time as (time_key, day, day_of_week, month, quarter, year) define dimension item as (item_key, item_name, brand, type, supplier_type) define dimension branch as (branch_key, branch_name, branch_type) define dimension location as (location_key, street, city, province_or_state, country) 實例:使用 DMQL定義雪花模式 define cube sales_snowflake [time, item, branch, location]: dollars_sold = sum(sales_in_dollars), avg_sales = avg(sales_in_dollars), units_sold = count(*) define dimension time as (time_key, day, day_of_week, month, quarter, year) define dimension item as (item_key, item_name, brand, type, supplier(supplier_key, supplier_type)) define dimension branch as (branch_key, branch_name, branch_type) define dimension location as (location_key, street, city(city_key, province_or_state, country)) 實例:使用 DMQL定義事實星座模式 define cube sales [time, item, branch, location]: dollars_sold =
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