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al, and knowledge across country borders總之 : 全球化是指反映在產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、金融資本和知識跨國界流動中的國家間日益增長的經(jīng)濟相互依賴性 15 3. 21st Century Competitive Landscape 21世紀競爭格局 Technology and Technological Changes 技術(shù)和技術(shù)進步 ? 3 categories 三種趨勢 ? 1) Technology diffusion disruptive technologies 技術(shù)擴散和突破性技術(shù) ? 2) The information age 信息時代 ? 3) Increasing knowledge intensity不斷增加的知識密度 16 3. 21st Century Competitive Landscape 21世紀競爭格局 Technology and Technology Changes (Cont?d) 技術(shù)和技術(shù)進步 1) Technology diffusion技術(shù)擴散 ? Perpetual innovation: describes how new informationintensive technologies are replacing older forms持續(xù)創(chuàng)新 : 形容信息密集型的新技術(shù)如何快速和有效地替代舊技術(shù) ? Speed to market may be primary petitive advantage進入市場的速度幾乎成為最主要的競爭優(yōu)勢 ? 12 – 18 month timeframe to gather info re: petitor RD只要 12 – 18 個月同行企業(yè)就能收集到競爭者的研發(fā)和產(chǎn)品決策信息 3. 21st Century Competitive Landscape 21世紀競爭格局 ? Disruptive technologies突破性技術(shù) ? Technologies that突破性技術(shù)是 ? Destroy value of existing technology破壞原有技術(shù)的價值 ? Create new markets 產(chǎn)生新的市場 18 3. 21st Century Competitive Landscape 21世紀競爭格局 Technology and Technology Changes (Cont?d)技術(shù)和技術(shù)進步 2) The information age信息時代 ? Dramatic changes over last several years過去幾年,信息技術(shù)發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化 ? Major technological developments: puters, phones, artificial intelligence, virtual reality主要技術(shù)發(fā)展 : 個人電腦 ,手機,人工智能,虛擬世界 ? Inter provides infrastructure for information anytime, anywhere互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供了一個允許信息在世界任何地方的電腦間傳遞的平臺 ? 3. 21st Century Competitive Landscape 21世紀競爭格局 3) Increasing knowledge intensity不斷增加的知識密度 ? Defined as information, intelligence expertise and is the basis of technology and its application知識也可以稱為信息、智能、經(jīng)驗,是技術(shù)以及技術(shù)應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ) ? Gained through experience, observations and inferences通過觀察、經(jīng)驗和推論得到 ? Strategic Flexibility – set of capabilities used to respond to various demands and opportunities existing in a dynamic and uncertain petitive environment戰(zhàn)略柔性 – 公司用來應(yīng)對不斷變化的競爭環(huán)境所帶來的各種需求和機遇的一系列能力 20 Industrial Organizational (I/O) Model of AboveAverage Returns (AAR)超額利潤的行業(yè)組織模型 (AAR) 21 超額利潤的行業(yè)組織模型 (AAR) 22 4. Industrial Organizational (I/O) Model of AboveAverage Returns (AAR) 超額利潤的行業(yè)組織模型 (AAR) Basic Premise – to explain the dominant influence of the external environment on a firm39。s strategic actions and performance 基本前提 – 揭示 外部環(huán)境 對公司戰(zhàn)略行為的決定性影響 23 4. Industrial Organizational (I/O) Model of AboveAverage Returns (AAR) 超額利潤的行業(yè)組織模型 (AAR) Underlying Assumptions基本假設(shè) 1) External environment imposes pressures