immuneresponse免疫應(yīng)答-展示頁
2024-10-10 16:35本頁面
【正文】 prostaglandin enhances the effect Temperature (localized): warm blood to surface enhances phagocytosis, inhibits bacteria Gradually: fibrin deposition to wall off area accumulation of dead cells pus Fever generalized Prostaglandin from leukocytes Hypothalamus control center Enhance phagocytosis Inhibit bacteria Aspirin! ACQUIRED IMMUNE RESPONSE Vaccination or immunization Active case Antigen foreign substance, usually protein or carbohydrate, cell ponent Antibody blood protein produced in response to a foreign substance。 macrophages phagocytes die, release chemotactic factors Symptoms: erythema (rubror) edema (tumor) pain (dolor) localized temperature increase (calor) Triggers: histamine bradykinin prostaglandin Inflammatory response highly integrated, non specific Erythema: histamine increases blood flow to area via capillary dilation Edema: capillary dilation causes increased permeability, fluid loss to tissues (histamine may also contribute) Pain: leukocyte death releases bradykinin and prostaglandin。 superoxide also formed 5. Wastes emptied out of cell Blood factors Interferon – family of inducible proteins produced by lymphocytes trigger formation of ‘a(chǎn)ntiviral proteins’ by cells block viral protein synthesis interferon is speciesspecific interferon may have antitumor activity also Complement – family of 11 proteins act in the nonspecific response amp。 phagosome 3. Vesicle fuses with lysosome 4. Digestive enzymes destroy bacterial cell。 enlarge to form macrophages Fixed macrophages: dust cells, Kuppfer cells Wandering macrophages: peritoneum, alveoli Host defense mechanisms B. Phagocytosis cells in blood amp。 shortlived Monocytes – large cells。 saliva lysozyme Host defense mechanisms B. Phagocytosis cells in blood amp。 specific Host defense mechanisms A. Outer barriers Skin and epithelial linings Skin: keratin sweat (NaCl), sebum (unsat. fatty acids) Mucous membranes: mucus and ciliated epithelium stomach acid intestinal mucus prevent attachment amp。 blood ponents Acquired immunity: accidental or intentional exposure to ANTIGENS。Immune response distinguishing ‘self’ from ‘nonself’ memory Immunity: all mechanisms used by the body to protect itself against all things foreign microanisms or their products foods, pollen, animal hair chemicals, drugs Immunity: innate or acquired Innate immunity: all elements with which we are born, always present, available on short notice to protect。 nonspecific Body surfaces: skin, mucous membranes Chemical factors: secretio
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