英語語言學(xué)框架知識中文版-展示頁
2024-09-07 16:10本頁面
【正文】 nternational Phonetic Alphabet （IPA） The vowels （monophthongs and diphthongs） 元音（單元音amp。 it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world39。s play Romeo and Juliet: A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.） Language is used for human munication Design features of language 語言的甄別特征 American linguist Charles Hockett specified 12 design features: 1） arbitrariness 武斷性 2） productivity 創(chuàng)造性 3） duality 二重性 4） displacement移位性 5） cultural transmission 文化傳遞性二、音系學(xué) 語言的聲音媒介 什么是語音學(xué) 發(fā)音器官 音標(biāo)……寬式和嚴(yán)式標(biāo)音法 英語語音的分類 音系學(xué)和語音學(xué) 語音、音位、音位變體 音位對立、互補(bǔ)分部、最小對立 幾條音系規(guī)則 超切分特征 Two major media of munication: speech and writing The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human munication and are of interest to linguistic studies are the phonic medium of language. 用于人類語言交際的聲音稱為語音，這些數(shù)目有限的一組語音構(gòu)成了語言的聲音媒介。 it is based on high written language Synchronic vs. diachronic 共時性與歷史性 The description of a language at some point in time is a synchronic study The description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study In modern linguistics, synchronic study seems to enjoy priority over diachronic study. Speech and writing 口頭語與書面語 Speech enjoys priority over writing in modern linguistics study for the following reasons: ?。?） speech precedes writing in terms of evolution （2） a large amount of munication is carried out in speech tan in writing ?。?） speech is the form in which infants acquire their native language Language and parole 語言與言語 Language refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech munity Parole refers to the realization of language in actual use Competence and performance 能力與運(yùn)用 Chomsky defines petence as the ideal users39?！ he scope of linguistics 語言學(xué)研究的范疇 Phonetics語音學(xué)\Phonology音系學(xué)\Morphology形態(tài)學(xué)\Syntax句法學(xué)\Semantics語義學(xué)\Pragmatics語用學(xué)\Sociolinguistics社會語言學(xué)\Psycholinguistics心理語言學(xué)\Applied linguistics應(yīng)用語言學(xué) Prescriptive vs. descriptive 規(guī)定性與描述性 Descriptive：a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use. Prescriptive: it aims lay down rules for correct behavior. Modern linguistics is descriptive。一、緒論 語言學(xué)的定義 語言學(xué)的研究范疇 幾對基本
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