【正文】 cations of the various sciences are interdependent and not exclusively a part of one science or another. In this respect, chemistry is a key science among the natural sciences because everyone, regardless of the area of natural science he wishes to pursue, needs at least an introduction to the principles and simpler applications of chemistry as a foundation for his specialty.Chemistry deals with the properties of matter, changes in matter, the laws and principles describing these changes, and the concepts and theories that interpret them. Traditionally, chemistry has evolved into four provinces: organic, inorganic, physical, and analytical chemistry.The traditional area of organic chemistry is concerned primarily with pounds of carbon, and inorganic chemistry deals with noncarbon pounds. Physical chemistry, a productive marriage of physics with chemistry, includes the problems of chemical reactions, the energy associated with them, the structure of molecules, and the nature of various states of matter. Analytical chemistry emphasizes the development of precise methods of analyzing the chemical position of substance. Analysis may be qualitative (what is in it?) or quantitative (how much of each ponent is in it?). In recent years, the development of a wide variety of electronic tools has greatly speeded up the chemist’s work and has made possible more accurate measurements as well as measurements of new factors.Chemistry has grown up as a discipline during the past 200 years. It is younger than astronomy but older than psychology. Today, when a student begins to study a discipline, such as chemistry, it may appear to him that the subject is pletely “worked out,” that all the answers have been found, and that there is nothing new to discover. Because there is a huge body of knowledge — facts, theories, and applications—already worked out, this impression is understandable. However, more new chemistry than ever is now being discovered in these three areas. There are over tow million entries in the current index to the chemical literature each year, and at least 300,000 new pounds are made annually. An intellectual discipline must provide for freedom of exchange of ideas, discoveries, and applications. Consequently, an intellectual discipline thrives best in an academic atmosphere.51. If we view a science as a body of ….A. examine B. look at C. consider D. watch52. Gaps in the present system, however, show that ….A. distance B. an empty space between two objectsC. difference D. a lack (of something)53. Chemistry deals with the properties of matter, ….A. possession B. quality C. ownership D. fortune54. Chemistry has grown up as a discipline….A. obedience and selfcontrol B. punishmentC. a method of training D. a branch of learning55. There are over two million entries in the current index to….A. entrance B. a list C. a gate D. the right to enterPassage 2For centuries town and country have been regarded as being in opposition to each other. It has been suggested that the superficial differences between the two—wideopen spaces contrasting with brick and concrete—are less important than the contrasting attitudes of town and country.I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren’t for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is this dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in noisy massive tower blocks. The sense of belonging to a munity tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children bee aggressive and nervous, staying at home all day, with nowhere to play。 their mothers feel isolated form the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don’t even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of munity generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There’s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping bees a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large