外文翻譯---土石壩的特征及筑壩技術(shù)控制-展示頁
2024-09-06 17:10本頁面
【正文】 . types of instruments The type of instrumentation depends upon the size and plexity of the project. The devices in mon use are: ①piezometers 。附 錄英文論文The characteristics of earthrock DAMS and technical control1. selection of embankment type In general, there are two types of embankment dams: earth （earth fill dam） and rock fill（rock fill dam）. The selection is dependent upon the usable materials from the required excavation and available borrow. It should be noted that rock fills can shade into soil fills depending upon the physical character of the rock and that no hard and fast system of classification can be made. Rocks which are soft and will easily break down under the action of excavation and placement can be classified with earth fills. Rocks which are hard and will not break down significantly are treated as rock fills. The selection and the design of an earth embankment are based upon the judge ment and experience of the designer and is to a large extent of an empirical nature. The various methods of stability and seepage analysis are used mainly to confirm the engineer’s judge ment2. freeboard All earth dams must have sufficient extra height known as freeboard to prevent overtopping by the pool. The freeboard must be of such height that wave action, wind setup, and earthquake effects will not result in overtopping of the dam. In addition to freeboard, an allowance must be made for settlement of the embankment and the foundation which will occur upon pletion of the embankment.
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