【正文】 寫摘要不是縮寫，不能引用原文的語句；寫摘要也不是改寫，不能把原句加以變形就完事；寫摘要 主要是概括和抽象化，把具體的信息用一些具有高度概括功能塊的詞和句表述出來。如： This article points out the mon phenomenon playing truancy (逃學(xué) ) among students. It also gives us a picture of the forms truancy takes. Finally, it tells the attitude on the part of the schools. 如果給的閱讀材料是一個(gè)故事，應(yīng)該用 最簡練的語言 來說明故事 講述 了什么，不能拖泥帶水，而且最好講述該故事給你的啟示或其中的一個(gè)道理 。 （ 2） （ 4）是逃學(xué)現(xiàn)象的具體體現(xiàn) （ 5） （ 6）指出這一現(xiàn)象學(xué)校與學(xué)生各有其叫法， （ 7） （ 8）則是要你引起注意，同時(shí)表明校方的態(tài)度。 1) Almost every student has days when they don?t feel like going to school. 2) It is not unusual for some of them sometimes to pretend to be feeling ill and get their poor parents fooled, who may call the school, asking their kids to be allowed to stay at home for a day or two, but sometimes these students make plans to meet friends or go somewhere alone for the day. 3) Still some other students make a show of going to school as usual, or their parents think they do. 4) Then when they are alone on the way they go off to some other places by himself or with a friend. 5) Schools call this truancy (曠課 ,逃避 ). 6) Kids call it ?wagging school?, ?skiving off?(回避 ,躲開工作 ), and all sorts of other names. 7) What do you call it where you live? 8) No matter what you may call it, most students never do it and a lot of schools nowadays have very strict rules to stop truancy in order to keep kids safe and help them to make the most of their chance to learn at school. 可以看出閱讀材料反映的是逃學(xué)這一現(xiàn)象 ,但是并沒有明顯的觀點(diǎn)。 she mentioned how important it was to stand on your own two feet and be responsible for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the thing she had said, And then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me about all those thin １ .以約３０個(gè)詞概括教師對作者的誤解 . 2. 然后以約 120個(gè)詞寫一篇記事文 ,描寫你或你的朋友被誤解的一次經(jīng)歷 ,并包括以下要點(diǎn) : . 可以參照閱讀材料的篇章結(jié)構(gòu) ,組織故事 ,但不得直接引用原文中的句子 . 1. The framework The writer said he was once misunderstood to have cheated in a test by his teacher for he lent his pen to a girl whose pen happened to out of ink. (29 words) Summary : How to summarize a narrating story: 1. Get to know who, where, when, why, how or what in the story (clue). 2. Get to know the hidden meaning of the story. 一、文章總結(jié) 現(xiàn)以一則“讀寫任務(wù)”為例來說明如何把握 說明性閱讀材料 的結(jié)構(gòu)、思路、觀點(diǎn)與意圖。 [寫作要求 ] 1. 可以使用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn)，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子； 2. 標(biāo)題自定?，F(xiàn)將上述內(nèi)容加工潤色后就成了下列摘要： The transport modes have changed since the end of the 19th century. People invented cars, trains, bicycles and trolleybuses instead of slow, unfortable and expensive horsedrawing stagecoach. And now modern cars are seen everywhere. (34 words) 上述談到的步驟與做法，在具體的寫作過程中，不一定每一步都要在紙上寫出來，但一般需經(jīng)過這樣的操作過程。 The transport modes have changed since the end of the 19th century. The horsedrawing stagecoach was slow, unfortable and expensive. Henry Fort invented cars. Then trains, bicycles and trolleybuses came into being one by one. In the modern society, we are living in a sea of modern cars. 加工潤色 連成短文后，要檢查是否有語法錯(cuò)誤和拼寫錯(cuò)誤，邏輯是否合理，語句是否通順。 根據(jù)以上方法，我們可以在文中找到下列關(guān)鍵詞： What: modes of transport changed When: at the end of the 19th centurynowadays Why: slow/ unfortable/ expensive How: horsedrawing stagecoachcartrainbicycletrolleybussea of cars 組詞成句 依照原文內(nèi)容，將上述關(guān)鍵詞擴(kuò)展成完整的句子。一般說來，任何事情或事件（ what）都會有時(shí)間（ when）、地點(diǎn)（ where）、可能涉及到的人物（ who）、原因（ why）、經(jīng)過（ how）、結(jié)果（ result）。 找關(guān)鍵詞 通讀全文，找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞。 some have two or even more, though the government has offered many more buses. 寫作步驟與技巧： 了解大意 做題目前， 要瀏覽短文，了解大意。但在寫摘要時(shí)，不能僅僅描寫情節(jié)，必要時(shí)要點(diǎn)出“主題”和“主旨”。d like to participate in. Participating in extracurricular activities may help you deepen your physical, creative, social, political, and career interests by bringing you into munication with other likeminded people you didn?t previously know. You can join groups as a way to get support from other students. A club or group can also be a great way to meet people who are different from you. Lots of youth programs bring people together with those who are different as a way to break down the barriers between people. Participating in extracurricular activities helps you in other ways, too. It looks good on college and job applications and shows admissions officers and employers you39。 注意：議論文的主體部分是論證的過程，論據(jù)占有很大的部分，但在寫摘要的時(shí)候，不需要詳細(xì)寫論證的過程，因?yàn)樗泻芏嗉?xì)節(jié)信息，而細(xì)節(jié)信息是寫摘要所應(yīng)該剔除的，所以議論文的摘要應(yīng)當(dāng)將“觀點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論”三個(gè)方面同等對待。高考考試專題 英語寫作 讀寫任務(wù)型寫作 一、文章總結(jié) 二、段落銜接與拓展 三、練習(xí) Ⅰ 、 30個(gè)詞的摘要怎么寫？ 一、內(nèi)容上：抓主要信息點(diǎn) 抓住文章的主要信息點(diǎn)，剔除細(xì)節(jié)信息是寫摘要的基本要求。 議論性文章的主要信息點(diǎn) 議論文的內(nèi)容包括“觀點(diǎn)（或問題）、論據(jù)、結(jié)論”三個(gè)方面，所以定議論文的摘要就是非功過把這三個(gè)方面說清楚 。 一、文章總結(jié) A、廣州一模參考范文 : The article pares the benefits of studying alone to those of studying in groups. Studying alone allows students to remain focuses and avoid interruption, while group study creates a more enjoyable learning environment (33字 ) Topic sentence Two opinions of the text B、 how to summarize: 1. Frame work topic sentence supporting sentence1 (argument 1) supporting sentence2 (argument 2) 2. Form the summary in your own words: the frame work some phrases simple\paratactic\plex sentences C、 practice 1 Students should think now about what extracurricular (課外的 ) activities they39。re wellrounded and responsible. Specific activities help with specific goals. The most basic reason for joining a club or team is that it gives you something better to do than staring at the wall, wan