【正文】 如需要圖紙等資料，聯(lián)系 1961660126如需要圖紙等資料，聯(lián)系 1961660126如需要圖紙等資料，聯(lián)系 1961660126摘 要本次設(shè)計的題目是履帶式液壓挖掘機(jī)挖掘機(jī)構(gòu)。與其它類型的挖掘機(jī)相比，這種類型的挖掘機(jī)因有良好通過性能應(yīng)用最廣，對松軟地面或沼澤地帶還可采用加寬、加長以及浮式履帶來降低接地比壓。本次設(shè)計的主要參數(shù)是斗容量 ,它屬于中小型液壓挖掘機(jī)，主要設(shè)計挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置、液壓傳動原理。上部轉(zhuǎn)臺是全回轉(zhuǎn)式，因此它可在一個更大的范圍內(nèi)工作。與機(jī)械式挖掘機(jī)相比，其挖掘力提高到 2～3 倍，整機(jī)質(zhì)量約為 5 噸，挖掘力約為 30kN，最大卸載高度約為 ，最大挖掘深度，最大挖掘半徑約為 ，從中可以看出整機(jī)作業(yè)能力有了很大的改進(jìn)，不僅挖掘力大，且機(jī)器重量輕，傳動平穩(wěn)，作業(yè)效率高，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。關(guān)鍵詞：液壓挖掘機(jī) ；挖掘機(jī)構(gòu) ；液壓系統(tǒng) ABSTRACTThis designed topic is the marching hydraulic excavator excavational anization. Compared with other types excavators, this kind of type excavator used very universal that because has good through theperformance, also may use to lengthens widens as well as the floating type caterpillar band to reduce pressure for the soft ground or the bogregion.The hydraulic excavator main characteristic is: not only can adjust s the stepless speed but also can adjust scope very big, can obtain a lower stable rotational speed, when action quickly, the hydraulic parts produce inertia small, accelerational theperformance good,and may make the high speed reverse, the transmission steady,structure simple, may absorb attacks and vibrates, the operation reduces effort, and to be easy to realize the automated control, is easy to realize the standardization, the seriation, the universalization.This designed main parameter is scoop capacity , it is long to the middle and small scale hydraulic excavator, mainly design the excavator， s the work installment and the hydraulic transmissionprinciple.In the design, used marching walked the installment to satisfied request. Upside the turnplate is the entire rotation , thereof it may work in a greater scope. And further because uses the hydraulicsteering to enable the entire machine performance to improve. Compared with the mechanical type excavator, its excavation strength enhance to 2 ~ 3 times, the entire machine weight approximately is 5 tons,the excavation strength approximately is 30kN, the biggest unloading high approximately is , biggest digging depth is , the biggest excavation radius approximately is , thus can see the entire machine work ability to have the very big improvement, not only excavation strength big, but also machine weight light, transmission steadyly, work efficiency is high, the structure is pact. Moreover, but also proposes to the excavator work installment based on the structureinference anization plan innovation design method.Key word：Hydraulic excavator??；Excavation anization??；Hydraulic system目 錄1　 緒論 .........................................................1 液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作特點(diǎn)和基本類型 .............................2 液壓挖掘機(jī)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn) ...................................2 液壓挖掘機(jī)的基本類型及主要特點(diǎn) .........................3 液壓挖掘機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 .......................................4 國外液壓挖掘機(jī)目前水平及發(fā)展趨勢 .......................4 國內(nèi)液壓挖掘機(jī)的發(fā)展概況 ...............................4 本次設(shè)計概述 ...............................................5 反鏟裝置的工作原理 .........................................5 本次設(shè)計任務(wù) ...............................................62　 總體設(shè)計方案 .................................................7 工作裝置設(shè)計方案原則 .......................................7 液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案原則（總體） ...............................7 單斗液壓挖掘機(jī)作業(yè)過程 .................................8 對液壓系統(tǒng)作業(yè)動作要求 .................................8 對液壓系統(tǒng)基本的要求 ...................................83　 挖掘機(jī)的工作裝置設(shè)計 ........................................10 確定動臂、斗桿、鏟斗的結(jié)構(gòu)形式 ............................10 確定動臂的結(jié)構(gòu)形式 ....................................10 確定斗桿的結(jié)構(gòu)形式 ....................................11 確定鏟斗的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和斗齒安裝結(jié)構(gòu) ......................11 鏟斗與鏟斗液壓缸的連接方式 ............................13 確定動臂、斗桿、鏟斗油缸的鉸點(diǎn)布置 ........................14 動臂油缸的布置 ........................................14 斗桿油缸的布置 ........................................16 鏟斗油缸的布置 ........................................16 動臂、斗桿、鏟斗機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)的選擇 ............................17 反鏟裝置總體方案的選擇 ................................17 機(jī)構(gòu)自身幾何參數(shù) ......................................18 斗形參數(shù)的選擇 ........................................20 動臂機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)的選擇 ....................................24 斗桿機(jī)構(gòu)參數(shù)的選擇 ....................................29 連桿、搖臂參數(shù)的選擇 ..................................314　 挖掘機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 ..........................................32 確定液壓系統(tǒng)類型 ..........................................32 液壓系統(tǒng)的計算和液壓元件的選擇 ............................33 系統(tǒng)主參數(shù)的確定 ......................................33 挖掘機(jī)液壓缸作用力的確定 ..............................33 液壓系統(tǒng)初步計算 ..........................................41 工作裝置傳動計算 ......................................41 行走機(jī)構(gòu)傳動計算 ......................................43 回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)傳動計算 ......................................45 液壓泵參數(shù)選擇和發(fā)動機(jī)功率計算 ........................45 主油管管徑和油箱容量 ..................................465 工作裝置的強(qiáng)度計算 ...........................................48 斗桿的計算 ................................................48 動臂的計算 ................................................576 液壓挖掘機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計 ..................................59 基于結(jié)構(gòu)推理的方案創(chuàng)新設(shè)計過程模型 ........................59 液壓挖掘機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)方案創(chuàng)新設(shè)計 ................................60結(jié) 論 .........................................................67參考文獻(xiàn) .......................................................68致 謝 .........................................................691　緒論　液壓挖掘機(jī)是在機(jī)械傳動挖掘機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的。因此，液壓挖掘機(jī)是一種周期作業(yè)的土方機(jī)械?！　≡诮ㄖこ讨?，可用來挖掘苦坑、排水溝，拆除舊有建筑物，平整場地等?！　≡谒┕ぶ校捎脕黹_挖水庫、運(yùn)河、水電站堤壩的基坑、排水或灌溉的溝渠，疏浚和挖深原有河道等?！　≡谑?、電力、通信業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)及市政建設(shè)中，用來挖掘電纜溝和管道等?！　≡谲娛鹿こ讨?，或用來筑路、挖壕溝和掩體、建造各種軍事建筑物。據(jù)建筑施工部門統(tǒng)計， 3的液壓挖掘機(jī)挖掘Ⅰ～Ⅳ級土壤時，每班生產(chǎn)率大約相當(dāng)于300～400個工人一天的工作量。 液壓挖掘機(jī)的工作特點(diǎn)和基本類型 液壓挖掘機(jī)的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)液壓挖掘機(jī)在動力裝置之間采用容積式液壓靜壓傳動，即靠液體的壓力能進(jìn)行工作。①能無級調(diào)速且調(diào)速范圍大，例如液壓馬達(dá)的最高轉(zhuǎn)速與最低轉(zhuǎn)速之比可達(dá)1000∶1。③快速作用時，液壓元件產(chǎn)生的運(yùn)動慣性小，加速性能好，并可作調(diào)整反轉(zhuǎn)。④傳動平穩(wěn)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，可吸收沖擊和振動，操縱省力，易實(shí)現(xiàn)自動化控制?！』谝簤簜鲃拥纳鲜鰞?yōu)點(diǎn)，液壓挖掘機(jī)與機(jī)械傳動挖掘機(jī)相比，具有下列主要特點(diǎn)：①大大改善了挖掘機(jī)的技術(shù)性能，挖掘力大、牽引力大，機(jī)器重量，傳動平穩(wěn)，作用效率高，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。挖掘機(jī)在工作時的主要動作包括行走、轉(zhuǎn)臺回轉(zhuǎn)和工作裝置的作業(yè)動作，其中動作最頻繁的是回轉(zhuǎn)和工作裝置的循環(huán)往復(fù)運(yùn)動。機(jī)械傳動挖掘機(jī)完成上述