【正文】 ell phone because she thought he39。s general judgment should be weighed.　　Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nineyearolds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.　　But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn39。s nineyearold could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issues, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child39。s no clearcut answer. Child experts discourage a onesizefitsall approach to parenting. What39。re worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that39。s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today39。s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with walltowall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it39。 there39。 it39。t e home? But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by themselves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the helicopter parent trend: Good for this Mom, one menter wrote on the Huffington Post. This is a muchneeded reality check.　　Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her own blogFree Range Kidspromoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nineyearold baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took busesand even subwaysall by themselves. Her blog, she says, is dedicated to sensible parenting. At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time schoolage children go outside, they need a security guard.　　So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations?　　Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it39。s Worst Mom.　　The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more plicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised?　　From the she39。s debilitating （使虛弱）for us and for them.　　Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy39。ve told this episode to now want to turn me in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It39?！俊　ould you let your fourthgrader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the New York Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to her Manhattan home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn39。　Part Ⅰ Writing （30minutes）　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.　　1. 近幾年出現(xiàn)了大學(xué)生就業(yè)難的現(xiàn)象　　2. 產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因　　3. 如何解決這一問題　　College Students JobHunting　　注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上?！　art II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） （15 minutes）　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 17, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. For questions 810, plete the seen tenses with the information given in the passage.　　Helicopter Moms vs. FreeRange Kids 【外語教育amp。t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers.　　Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence, Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. Long story longer: Half the people I39。s not. It39。s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN （acpanied by her son） and on popular blogs like the Huffington Post, where her followup piece was ironically headlined More From America39。s an irresponsible mother camp came: Shame on you for being so careless about his safety, in ments on the Huffington Post. And there was this from a mother of four: How would you have felt if he didn39。s ever been。s ranked 136th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, stranger kidnaps are extremely rare。s a oneinamillion chan