【正文】 two of the main causes of warour dependence on oil and religious prejudice. Will we really, as today?s scientists claim, be able to live for ever or at least cheat the ageing process so that the average person lives to 150? Of course, all these predictions e with a scientific health warning. Harvard professor Steven Pinker says: “This is an invitation to look foolish, as with the predictions of domed cities and nuclearpowered vacuum cleaners that were made 50 year ago.” 2 Living longer Anthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute in North Carolina, belives failing ans will be repaired by injecting cells into the body. They will naturally to straight to the injury and help heal it. A system of injections without needles could also slow the ageing process by using the same process to “tune” cells. Bruce Lahn, professor of human geics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the ability to produce“unlimited supplies” of transplantable human ans without the needed a new an, such as kidney, the surgeon would contact a mercial an producer, give him the patient?s immunological profile and would then be sent a kidney with the correct tissue type. These ans would be entirely posed of human cells, grown by introducing them into animal hosts, and alloweing them to deveoop into and an in place of the animal?s own. But Prof. Lahn believes that farmed brains would be “off limits”.He says: “Very few people would want to have their brains replaced by someone else?s and we probably don?t want to put a human brain ing an animal body.” Richard Miller, a professor at the University of Michigan, thinks scientist could develop“an thentic antiageing drugs” by working out how cells in larger animals such as whales and human resist many forms of injuries. He says:“It?s is now routine, in laboratory mammals, to extend lifespan by about 40%. Turning on the same protective systems in people should, by 2056, create the first class of 100yearolds who are as vigorous and productive as today?s people in their 60s” Aliens Conlin Pillinger ,professor of planerary sciences at the Open University,says:”I fancy that at least we will be able to show that life didi start to evolve on Mars well as Earth.”Within 50years he hopes scientists will prove that alien life came here in Martian meteorites(隕石 ). Chris McKay,a plaary scientist at NASA?s Ames Research that in 50 years we may find evidence of alien life in ancient permanent forst of Mars or on other planers. He adds:”There is even a chance we will find alien life forms here on mightbe as different as English is to Chinese. Priceton professor Freeman Dyson thinks it “l(fā)ikely” that life form outer space will be discovered defore 2056 because the tools for finding it, such as optical and radio detection and data processing,are improving. He ays:”As soon as the first evidence is found,we will know what to look for and additional discoveries are likely to follow discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology, astronomy and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the universe. Colonies in space 3 Richard Gottprofessor of astrophysics at Princeton,hopes man will set up a selfsufficient colony on Mars,which would be a “l(fā)ife insurance policy against whatever catastrophes,natural or otherwise,might occur on Earth. “The real space race is whether we will colonise off Earth on to other worlds before money for the space programme runs out.” Spinal injuries Ellen HeberKatz,a professor at the Wistar Institude in Philadelphia,foresees cures for inijuries causing paralysis such as the one that afflicated Superman star Christopher Reeve. She says:”I believe that the day is not far off when we will be able to profescribe drugs that cause severes(斷裂的 ) spinal cords to heal,hearts to regenerate and lost limbs to regrow. “People will e to expect that injured or diseased ans are meant to be repaired from within,inmuch the same way that we fix an appliance or automobile:by replancing the damaged part with a manufacturercertified new part.”She predict that within 5 to 10 years fingers and toes will be regrown and limbs will start to be regrown a few years later. Reparies to the nervous system will start with optic nerves and,in time,the spinal cord.”Within 50years whole body replacement will be routine,” adds. Obesity Sydney Brenner,senior distinguished fellow of the CrickJacobs Center in California,won the 2020 Noblel Prize for Medicine and says that if there is a global disaster some humans will surviveand evolition will favour small people with bodies large enough to support the required amount of brain power.”O(jiān)besity,”he says.”will have been solved.” Robots Rodney Brooks,professor of robotice at MIT,says the problems of developing artificial intelligence for robots will be at least partly a result,”the possibilities for robots working with people will open up immensely” Energy Bill Joy,green technology expert in Califomia,says:”The most significant breakthrought would be to have an inexhaustible source of safe,green energy that is substantially cheaper than any existing energy source.” Ideally,such a source would be safe in that it could not be made into weapons and would not make hazardous or toxic waste or carbon dioxide,the main greenhouse gas blamed for global warming. Society Geoffrey Miller,evolutionary psychologist at the University of New Mexico,says:”The US will follow the 4 UKin realizing that religion is nor a prerequisite (前提 )for ordinary human decency. “This,science will kill religionnot by reason challenging faith but by offering a more practical,uniwersal and rewarding moral frameworkfor human interaction.” He also predicts that “ahsurdly was