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注 ① :動名詞作表語與不定式作表語的區(qū)別: 動名詞作表語時表示比較抽象的一般行為 、 習慣;不定式作表語時表示具體的某一次動作 , 特別是將來的動作 , 試比較: My favourite sport is swimming. The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation. 注 ② : 動名詞作表語 與 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語 的區(qū)別: 動名詞作表語時相當于名詞 , 說明主語的含義及內(nèi)容 , 它與主語是同等關系 , 主語與表語互換位置不影響句子的基本含義 , 但不可用副詞來修飾 。 上述動詞盡管可以帶兩種結構作賓語 , 但用法不盡相同 , 需要注意下列幾個情況: A. 在 begin, start, cease, continue, cannot bear, hate, like, love, prefer, propose 等動詞后 , 兩種結構意義無大的出入 , 如: She can’t bear being laughed at / to be laughed at. 但是在下列情況下 , 通常用 不定式 : a. 在 would like / love / prefer / hate 后表示一個特定的新動作時: I’d like to buy a suit. I’d hate to disappoint them. b. 當謂語動詞已用進行時態(tài)時: The water is beginning / starting to boil. I’m starting to work on my essay next week. c. 在 begin 等后 , 非限定動詞由某些狀態(tài)動詞構成時 ( 即:指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動時 ) : She began to believe his story. He began to realize that he was wrong. d. 當主語是物 , 不是人時: The water started / began to boil. The ice started / began to melt. B. 在 need, want, deserve等后 , 可用動名詞的主動式表示被動含義 , 或用不定式的被動式 , 意義上無差別 。 常見的有: insist on / persist in / think of / dream of / object to / hear of / prevent … from / keep … from / stop … from / feel like / be engaged in / look forward to / depend on / thank … for / excuse … for / devote … to / set about / spend … in / get (be) used to … / be fond of / be afraid of / be tired of / succeed in / be interested in / be proud of / burst out / give up 等 , 如: Why do you persist in thinking that way / doing so? He insisted on seeing us home. They all objected to putting the meeting off. Are you inter