【正文】
能穩(wěn)定 等特點(diǎn) 則備受青睞,超聲波測(cè)距技術(shù)被廣泛的應(yīng)用于人們生活和工作中。 MCU 南京工程學(xué)院自動(dòng)化學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) III 目錄 摘 要 ............................................................... I ABSTRACT ............................................................ II 目錄 ................................................................ III 第一章 緒論 ......................................................... 1 課題設(shè)計(jì)目的及意義 ............................................... 1 設(shè)計(jì)的目的 ................................................... 1 設(shè)計(jì)的意義 ................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài) ................................................... 2 課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 ............................................... 2 課題的可行性 ..................................................... 3 超聲波概述 ....................................................... 3 超聲波測(cè)距 ....................................................... 6 超聲測(cè)距 的方法 .............................................. 6 超聲波測(cè)量中盲區(qū)及近限和遠(yuǎn)限 ................................ 7 提高測(cè)距儀性能的若干措施 .................................... 7 第二章 總體方案 ..................................................... 9 方案選擇 ......................................................... 9 超聲波測(cè)距儀的設(shè)計(jì)思路 ........................................... 9 超聲波測(cè)距原理 .............................................. 9 超聲波測(cè)距原理框圖 ......................................... 10 元器件選擇 ...................................................... 10 第三章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................... 11 STC89C52 單片機(jī)的功能及特點(diǎn) ..................................... 11 單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng) .................................................. 14 超聲波測(cè)距模塊 .................................................. 15 南京工程學(xué)院自動(dòng)化學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) IV HCSR04 實(shí)物圖 .............................................. 15 主要技術(shù)參數(shù) ................................................ 15 HCSR04 工作原理 ............................................ 15 超聲波發(fā)射電路 .................................................. 16 超聲波接收電路 .................................................. 17 DS18B20 溫度傳感器 .............................................. 18 實(shí)物與引 腳定義 ............................................. 18 DS18B20 主要特性 ............................................ 19 1602 顯示單元 ................................................... 19 ....................................................... 21 ....................................................... 22 第四章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................... 24 超聲波測(cè)距的算法設(shè)計(jì) ............................................ 24 主程序流程圖 .................................................... 24 超聲波發(fā)生子程序 ................................................ 27 距離計(jì)算子程序 .................................................. 28 第五章 溫度補(bǔ)償 .................................................... 30 設(shè)計(jì)方案 ........................................................ 30 硬件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................ 32 溫度采集電路 ................................................ 32 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................ 32 溫度采集 .................................................... 32 溫度補(bǔ)償設(shè)計(jì)及距離計(jì)算 ...................................... 36 第六章 結(jié) 論 ....................................................... 38 論文總結(jié) ........................................................ 38 主要工作 .................................................. 38 存在的問題 ................................................. 38 感想或者收獲 .................................................... 39 致 謝 .............................................................. 40 南京工程學(xué)院自動(dòng)化學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) V 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................................................ 41 附錄 ................................................................. 43 附錄一 原理圖及 PCB 圖 ............................................... 43 附錄二 程序清單 ..................................................... 45 附錄三 實(shí)物圖 ....................................................... 55 南京工程學(xué)院自動(dòng)化學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 1 第一章 緒論 課題設(shè)計(jì)目的及意義 設(shè)計(jì)的目的 超聲波是指頻率高于 20KHz 的 聲 波 ,屬于機(jī)械波的范疇,遵循一般機(jī)械波在彈性介質(zhì)中的傳播規(guī)律,如在介質(zhì)的分界面處發(fā)生反射和折射現(xiàn)象,在進(jìn)入介質(zhì)后被介質(zhì)吸收而發(fā)生衰減等。 關(guān)鍵詞: 超聲波;測(cè)距;單片機(jī) 南京工程學(xué)院自動(dòng)化學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) II ABSTRACT Ultrasonic has the advantages such ad directivity is strong, energy consumption is slow, propagation distance etc. so ultrasonic ranging is the most mon application in the use of sensor technology and automatic control technology bination of ranging scheme. It is widely used in construction, guard against theft, backing, water level measurement and some industrial field. This design use the STC89C52 with singlechip microputer as the core of the ultrasonic ranging hardware circuit and software design method. The whole circuit adopts modular design, transmitter module transmitter ultrasonic ,echo receiving module accepts, the microcontroller calculates the distance, LCD1602 display the measurement results. Transducer signal by the MCU prehensive analysis processing, ultrasonic range finder various functions. Software part by the main program, delay subroutine, subroutines launch accept subroutine, display routines, subroutines temperature detection modules. , And finally through the required hardware and software functionality. The experiments prove that the software and hardware designing is justified, the antidisturbance petence is powerful and the realtime capability is satisfactory and by extension and upgrade, this system can resolve the problem of the car availably, building construction the position of the workplace and some industries spot supervision. Key words: ultrasonic wave。最后通過硬件和軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了 所需功能 。換能器的信號(hào)經(jīng)單片機(jī)綜合分析處理,實(shí)現(xiàn)超聲波測(cè)距儀的各種功能。 本設(shè)計(jì)采用以 STC89C52 單片機(jī)為核心的超聲波測(cè)距的硬件電路和軟件設(shè)計(jì)方法 , 在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了系統(tǒng)的總體方案 。 南京工程學(xué)院 自動(dòng)化學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)