【正文】 論 文原 創(chuàng) 性聲明和使用授 權(quán)說 明原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明：所呈交的學(xué)位論文，是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究工作所取得的研究成果。除文中已經(jīng)標(biāo)明引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的研究成果。本聲明的法律結(jié)果由本人承擔(dān)。學(xué)校有權(quán)保留并向國(guó)家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許學(xué)位論文被查閱和借閱；學(xué)?？梢怨紝W(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容，可以允許采用影印、縮印或其它復(fù)制手段保存、匯編學(xué)位論文。非保密論文注釋：本學(xué)位論文不屬于保密范圍，適用本授權(quán)書。同意論文提交后滯后：□半年；□一年；□二年發(fā)布。除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫的成果作品。本人完全意識(shí)到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。本人授權(quán)　　 　 　大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。作者簽名： 日期： 年 月 日導(dǎo)師簽名： 日期： 年 月 日II摘 要憲法解釋是保障憲法實(shí)施的重要手段，憲法解釋主體的選擇則是進(jìn)行憲法解釋的前提條件。例如英國(guó)是由議會(huì)解釋憲法，美國(guó)是由普通法院負(fù)責(zé)解釋憲法，法國(guó)設(shè)立了憲法委員會(huì)監(jiān)督憲法實(shí)施，德國(guó)則設(shè)立了憲法法院承擔(dān)憲法解釋的職責(zé)。但由于種種原因，全國(guó)人大常委會(huì)至今從未針對(duì)具體案件進(jìn)行憲法解釋，致使憲法解釋權(quán)長(zhǎng)期處于虛置狀態(tài)。在考慮我國(guó)具體國(guó)情并借鑒其他國(guó)家經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)在全國(guó)人大之下設(shè)立專門的憲法法院來行使違憲審查和憲法解釋的職權(quán)，以保障憲法實(shí)施和維護(hù)公民基本權(quán)利。第一部分主要論述憲法解釋主體的理論基礎(chǔ)，包括對(duì)憲法解釋和憲法解釋主體概念的界定以及目前憲法解釋主體的理論分歧。第三部分主要是對(duì)我國(guó)憲法解釋主體的現(xiàn)狀分析，并指出我國(guó)憲法解釋存在的主要問題。第四部分是從理論和實(shí)踐的角度分析我國(guó)應(yīng)建立專門的憲法法院進(jìn)行憲法解釋，在借鑒德國(guó)模式的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)我國(guó)憲法法院的具體設(shè)置（包括憲法法院的法律地位、作用、管轄權(quán)和運(yùn)行程序）做了理論探討。s Constitution clearly states that the NPC Standing Committee is the anization to interpret constitution and supervise its execution. But for various reasons, the NPC Standing Committee has never interpreted constitution on some specific case and that makes the power to explain the constitution remain a state of vacancy for a long period of time. We can’t help to think thoroughly that how to make best use of the constitution explanation power and not limited to the constitutional rules. Considering the basis of China’s specific national conditions with experience in other countries, we hold the view that there should be some specialized constitutional court to perform power of examination starting system and constitutional interpretation, which guarantees constitution implementation and protects basic civil rights.This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is to discuss the theoretical basis of constitutional interpretative an, which includes the definition of constitution interpretation and constitutional interpretative an with its current theoretical difference. The second part is mainly to introduce three constitution interpretative an modeslegislative body as the interpretative an mode in UK, general court mode in USA and special an mode in France and Germany. By parative analysis on these three modes they each have their pros and cons and it cannot be imitated and taken in China. The Third part is to do status analysis on our constitutional interpretative an and point out the principal problem in constitution interpretation. The paper stresses on the second and third part. The fourth part is to analyze necessity of establishing the specific constitutional court to do constitution interpretation from the angle of theory and practice, and to make theoretic discussion on concrete setting (includes the legal status, functions, jurisdiction and operational procedure) of constitutional court in China based on the Germany mode.Keywords: constitution interpretation。 constitutional courtIII目 錄摘 要 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????IAbstract?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????II引 言 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1一、憲法解釋主體的理論基礎(chǔ) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2（一）憲法解釋主體概念的探討 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2（二）憲法解釋應(yīng)遵循的基本原則 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4（三）確定憲法解釋主體的理論基礎(chǔ) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4二、國(guó)外憲法解釋主體模式的比較分析 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7（一）立法機(jī)關(guān)解釋模式 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????8 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????8（二）普通法院解釋模式 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????9 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????9 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????10 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????11（三）專門機(jī)關(guān)解釋模式 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????12 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????13 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????14 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????15（四）各國(guó)模式的選擇對(duì)我國(guó)的啟示 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????15三、我國(guó)憲法解釋主體的現(xiàn)狀分析 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????17（一）我國(guó)憲法解釋主體的歷史沿革 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????17（二）我國(guó)憲政實(shí)踐中的憲法解釋主體 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????18IV ????????????????????????????????????