【正文】 ..................................................6 物鏡系統(tǒng) ..............................................................................................................7 棱鏡系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................................10 普羅棱鏡和屋脊棱鏡 .................................................................................10 棱鏡的計(jì)算 ..................................................................................................10 目鏡系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................................133 光學(xué)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ......................................................................................................16 外形尺寸計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................16 光學(xué)系統(tǒng)的像差公差 ........................................................................................19 ZEMAX 軟件簡(jiǎn)介 .............................................................................................21 ZEMAX 軟件操作的基本步驟 ...................................................................21 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的原則和方法 .............................................................................224 像差校正 ................................................................................................................24 物鏡系統(tǒng)和棱鏡系統(tǒng)的像差校正 ....................................................................24 目鏡的像差校正 ................................................................................................285 總 結(jié) ...................................................................................................................32參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................33致 謝 ........................................................................................................................34畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)聲明 .....................................................................35畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）獨(dú)創(chuàng)性聲明 .........................................................................36附錄 設(shè)計(jì)圖 ............................................................................................................37主 要 符 號(hào) 表 物鏡焦距39。5 diopter. Calculate the difference, of goggles, a sort of focus, the sort of the game of light of that mirror of the view of the game hung from a corner and go with the glasses on the regulation data into ZEMAX program,Implement the correct and balanced as.Key Words: Optical systems。Lens optical system is based on a number of packages to achieve, and indepth study of the imaging lens of the positive and negative bination of the laws and the imaging properties of optical path， in order to better study the plexity of the optical system, for the people to lay a hightech popularization solid foundation. Entering 21th century, science and technology is developed at full speed. The development and use of the application sofeware bee the important way of the social development. The subject of study is 10 times the wide crosssection of a telescope. Like a crosssection prism also called cartesian prism, is the traditional classic design, the more mon design is posed of two identical square prism, is that simple, easy to form processing and assembly, is relative to the ridge of prism, weight and patterns of an optical system of ten times for a wide crosssection of the indicators ： magnification is ten tims, D/f＇=1:6 field of view 2w =5176。最終設(shè)計(jì)出合格望遠(yuǎn)鏡，畫出零件圖。5 折光度. 分別計(jì)算出物鏡、目鏡的焦距，出瞳、入瞳的直徑，視場(chǎng)光闌的直徑，目鏡的視場(chǎng)角，瞳距，目鏡口徑，目鏡的視度調(diào)節(jié)范圍。設(shè)計(jì)出 10 倍普羅型望遠(yuǎn)鏡的技術(shù)指標(biāo)：放大率 10* D/f＇=1:6 視場(chǎng) 2w =5176。本課題研究的主體是 10 倍普羅型望遠(yuǎn)鏡光學(xué)系統(tǒng)。10 倍望遠(yuǎn)鏡光學(xué)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)（普羅型）摘 要目前國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的廠家（公司）較多，產(chǎn)品大部分銷于國(guó)外，而對(duì)產(chǎn)品的性能精度要求越來(lái)越高，為適應(yīng)社會(huì)要求，為使學(xué)生初步掌握光學(xué)儀器設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，光學(xué)系統(tǒng)是在透鏡的基礎(chǔ)上，以不同的組合來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，深入研究了正負(fù)透鏡的成像規(guī)律和組合光路的成像特性，才能更好的研究復(fù)雜的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)，為高科技普及于民打下堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)，科學(xué)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展，對(duì)應(yīng)用軟件的開(kāi)發(fā)和使用，成為社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要途徑。普羅棱鏡又叫直角棱鏡，是傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)典設(shè)計(jì)，比較常見(jiàn)的設(shè)計(jì)是由兩個(gè)完全相同的直角棱鏡構(gòu)成，優(yōu)點(diǎn)是形狀簡(jiǎn)單，容易加工和裝配，缺點(diǎn)是相對(duì)屋脊棱鏡，重量和體積較大。正像 視度調(diào)節(jié)范圍177。將所得數(shù)據(jù)輸入 ZEMAX 軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)像差的校正與平衡。關(guān)鍵詞： 光學(xué)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)；望遠(yuǎn)鏡；透鏡成像；像差Ten times the optical telescopes system design（porro）AbstractThe current domestic production of a telescope of the manufacturer said that most of the foreign product to sell, with the product and higher accuracy, in order to adapt to society, to prepare students to master optical instrument for the preliminary design process 。just as dioptric adjusting range 177。 telescope；Imaging。1f 目鏡焦距39。fD 放大率? 分辨率? 出瞳直徑39。由于通過(guò)望遠(yuǎn)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)所成的像對(duì)眼睛的張角大于物體本身對(duì)眼睛的直觀張角，因此給人一種“ 物體被拉近了 ”的感覺(jué)。望遠(yuǎn)光學(xué)系統(tǒng)被廣泛應(yīng)用于國(guó)民生產(chǎn)生活領(lǐng)域以及軍事領(lǐng)域，例如：天文觀察，旅游，比賽觀看，航海，哨所警戒，潛艇潛望等等。而觀測(cè)的紀(jì)錄介質(zhì)，也從原來(lái)的人眼，膠片，發(fā)展到半導(dǎo)體電子元件（比如 CCD） 。根據(jù)物鏡的種類可將望遠(yuǎn)鏡分為三大類： 折射望遠(yuǎn)鏡的物鏡由透鏡或透鏡組組成。為了減少色差，人們拼命增大物鏡的焦距，1673 年， 制造了一架長(zhǎng)達(dá) 46 米的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，整個(gè)鏡筒被吊裝在一根 30 米高的桅桿上，需要多人用繩子拉著轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)升降。直到 19 世紀(jì)末，人們發(fā)明了由兩塊折射率不同的玻璃分別制成凸透鏡和凹透鏡，再組合起來(lái)的復(fù)合消色差物鏡，才使得這場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)度競(jìng)賽得到終止。其中，伽利略結(jié)構(gòu)歷史最悠久，其目鏡為凹透鏡，能直接成正立的像，但是視場(chǎng)小，一般為民用的 2—4倍的兒童玩具采用。但是簡(jiǎn)單的開(kāi)普勒結(jié)構(gòu)所成的像是倒立的，需要在光路內(nèi)加上正像系統(tǒng)使其正過(guò)來(lái)，常見(jiàn)的正像系統(tǒng)為普羅棱鏡或屋脊棱鏡，既起到正像的作用，又使光路折回，縮短整機(jī)長(zhǎng)度。圖 為屋脊棱鏡型望遠(yuǎn)鏡的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖。圖 為普羅棱鏡型望遠(yuǎn)鏡的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖。 該類鏡最早由牛頓發(fā)明，其物鏡是凹面反射鏡，沒(méi)有色差，而且將凹面制成旋轉(zhuǎn)拋物面即可消除球差。反射望遠(yuǎn)鏡鏡筒較短，而且易于制造更大的口徑，所以現(xiàn)代大型天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡幾乎無(wú)一例外都是反射結(jié)構(gòu)。由于反射式望遠(yuǎn)鏡的入射光線僅在物