【正文】 S . ZUBER 教授將莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定技術(shù)應(yīng)用于玉米的遺傳育種中, 取得了重大的成績(jī), 在國(guó)際上處于領(lǐng)先地位。因此玉米莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定儀的研究與開發(fā)不僅適應(yīng)時(shí)代的潮流同時(shí)將進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。因此通過玉米莖稈強(qiáng)度的測(cè)試研究而培育出高抗倒伏的作物是全球玉米遺傳育種專家都面臨的課題。農(nóng)作物莖稈的力學(xué)性能是評(píng)價(jià)作物抗倒伏特性的重要指標(biāo)，也是設(shè)計(jì)農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械的重要參數(shù)和依據(jù)。 microcontroller。 Electrical Engineering College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018)Abstract This paper mainly introduces the precision of a portable, corn stalks, practical strength tester. The project mainly adopts singlechip microcontroller as the master STM32 using stype ra/pressure sensor in exchange for frontend sensors, gear motor control system, make the blade knives cutting corn straw, and then travels to shear force will be collected signal etc signal into a pull pressure transmitter voltage signal and after data processing, will ultimately the data signals transported to the microcontroller. TM32 microcontroller will acquisition of pull stress signals and travel signal processing after such as measuring TFT screens realtime display and SD card data storage. Meanwhile microcontroller also control operation of munication gear motor, via the USB interface between and superordination machine data display and storage, also can finish the work, the maximum pressure parameters calculation. Experiments show that this stem strength tester stable and reliable, simple operation, and can meet the requirements of corn stalks, determination of strength for further study the mechanical properties of crop stalks provided convenience.Keywords: corn stalks。試驗(yàn)表明，該莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定儀工作穩(wěn)定可靠，操作簡(jiǎn)便，可滿足玉米莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定的要求，為進(jìn)一步研究農(nóng)作物莖稈的力學(xué)性能提供了方便。STM32單片機(jī)將采集的拉壓力信號(hào)和行程信號(hào)等進(jìn)行處理測(cè)量后進(jìn)行液晶屏實(shí)時(shí)顯示和SD卡數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)。negative control principle………………......................…….12 SD card storage systems …………………..............……………………………….13 Homemade integration development board………………………….............…….13 Altium introduced to find ……………………………………....................15 PCB design flow of work……………………………………………...............16 Controller layout profile ………………………………………………..................174 Software system design …………...........……………………………………………. ..17 Key functions………………………….........…………………………………… ..17 Data shows…………………………………………......……………………….…..18 Interrupt handling ………………………………………………..............……….. 18 A/D conversion best precision design ………………………………..................... 19 Track of error sources and analysis ………………………….......................…19 Rainfall distribution hardware how to reduce ADC error……..........................19 Software how to reduce ADC error …………………………................…..… 20 PC munication program design………............……………………………..… 21 Measuring parameters and the calculation method of…………...........................…21 Overload and acting program design……………...............……………………..…21 Signal stability analysis and design…………….....................…………………..…225 Test results and analysis ………………………………………………................…… 24 Instrument main technical parameters ……………................……………………24 Measuring data analysis ……………………………………………….............… 256 Conclusion…………......……………………………………………………………… 27References……………………………………………………………….....…………… 30Acknowledgement…………………………………………..……………………………30Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………31宋體、五號(hào)、居中黑體、四號(hào)、加粗、居中玉米莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定儀的研制與開發(fā)陳夢(mèng)蘭 （山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 機(jī)械與電子工程學(xué)院 泰安 271018）宋體、五號(hào)、摘要：本文主要介紹一款便攜，精準(zhǔn)，實(shí)用的玉米莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定儀。……………………. ………………. …………………山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)中文題目用小二、 黑體加粗。畢 業(yè) 論 文 玉米莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定儀的研制與開發(fā)四號(hào)宋體 院 部 機(jī)械與電子工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級(jí) 自動(dòng)化2班 屆 次 2011屆 學(xué)生姓名 陳夢(mèng)蘭 學(xué) 號(hào) 20076210 指導(dǎo)教師 侯加林 教授 二О一一年六月十日裝訂線……………….……. …………. …………. ………38 目 錄摘要 IAbstract II引言 11 莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定儀的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理 1 莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定儀結(jié)構(gòu) 2 STM32單片機(jī)認(rèn)識(shí)與選擇 3 拉壓力傳感器簡(jiǎn)介與選擇 3 液晶顯示屏的選擇 4 莖稈強(qiáng)度測(cè)定儀工作原理 4 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊原理 5 微機(jī)處理數(shù)據(jù)原理 52 機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 5 儀器運(yùn)行模式 6 63 硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 7 信號(hào)放大系統(tǒng) 7 9 10 10 SD卡存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng) 11 11 Altium Designer 13 PCB 板設(shè)計(jì)的工作流程 .16 144 軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 14 鍵功能處理 15 數(shù)據(jù)顯示 15 中斷處理 16 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換最佳精度設(shè)計(jì) 16 誤差來源與分析 16 硬件如何減小ADC誤差 16 軟件如何減小ADC誤差 17 上位機(jī)通訊程序設(shè)計(jì) 18 測(cè)量參數(shù)及其計(jì)算方法 18 過載及做功程序設(shè)計(jì) 18 信號(hào)穩(wěn)定性分析與設(shè)計(jì) 195 試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與分析 21 儀器主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 21 測(cè)定數(shù)據(jù)分析 226 結(jié)論 23參考文獻(xiàn) 26致謝 26附錄 27獲獎(jiǎng)證書............................................................................................................................46ContentsAbstract………………………………………………………………….............…….….…IIIntroduction…………………………………………………………............……………… 11 The stem strength tester structure and working principle…...............................………… 2 Stem strength tester structure…………………………………………....................... 2 STM32 microcontroller understanding and choose……….....................…….… 3 Pull pressure sensor profile and select ………….............................…………… 4 LCD choice……………………………………………………………...........… 4 Stem strength tester working principle ……………………………….......................5 Data acquisition module principle………………………....................……….…5 Microputer data processing principle……………….....................…………62 Mechanical system design …..............……………………………………………………6 Instrument operation mode ………………...............………………………………..7 Instrument cutting knife design…………………………………………...................73. Control system hardware design………………………...............……………………….8 Amplification system ………………………………….............…………………….8 Signal reverse system ……………………………………………………...............11 The application of signal reverse circuit……………………............................12 Motor positive amp。本項(xiàng)目主要采用STM32單片機(jī)作為主控單元，以S型拉/壓力傳感器作為前端傳感器，以交流減速電機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)刀片，使刀片勻速切割玉米莖稈，然后將采集到的剪切力和拉壓力等信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡妷盒盘?hào)，再經(jīng)過變送器進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，最后將信號(hào)輸送至單片機(jī)。同時(shí)單片機(jī)還控制交流減速電機(jī)的運(yùn)作，通過USB接口與上位機(jī)之間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)顯示和存儲(chǔ)，同時(shí)還能完成做功、最大壓力等參數(shù)的計(jì)算。關(guān)鍵詞：玉米莖稈 剪切力 單片機(jī) 壓力傳感器題目：Times New Roman、三號(hào)、加粗、居中Times New Roman、五號(hào)、居中 Corn Stalks Strength Tester of Research and DevelopmentMenglan Chen(Mechanical amp。 shear force。 pressu