【正文】 設(shè)計(jì)要求及設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) ..................................................1 設(shè)計(jì)要求 ......................................................1 設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) .......................................................1第二章 系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................3 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ............................................................3 各部分功能分述 .....................................................3 陽極小車上料過程： ............................................4 夾具動作過程： .................................................4 陽極小車下料過程： .............................................5 翻轉(zhuǎn)裝置 .......................................................5 控制方案的比較、論證和確定 ..........................................6 方案的比較 .....................................................6 方案論證及確定 .................................................9第三章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................10 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ...........................................................10 主電路設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................10 導(dǎo)線、電纜及元器件選型 .............................................13 導(dǎo)線和電纜 ...................................................13 斷路器 ........................................................14 熔斷器 ........................................................19 低壓隔離器 ...................................................22 接觸器 ........................................................23 繼電器 .......................................................27 接近開關(guān) ......................................................32 電動機(jī) ........................................................33 電流表和電流互感器 ............................................34 24V 直流電源 ...................................................34 油加熱器 ......................................................34 光電傳感器 ....................................................34 控制按鈕、信號燈 .............................................35 變頻器設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................36 概述 ..........................................................36 變頻器分類 ....................................................36 變頻器的組成、工作原理及控制方式 .............................37 變頻器選擇 ....................................................39 系統(tǒng)控制電路設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................42 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ......................................................42 S7300 系列 PLC 組成 ............................................43 S7300PLC 特點(diǎn) .................................................44 模塊選擇 ......................................................44 硬件地址配置 ..................................................52第四章 控制系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................53 軟件設(shè)計(jì)分析 .......................................................53 STEP7 概述 ......................................................53 STEP7 使用步驟 ..................................................53 STEP 7 的編程功能 ...............................................55 系統(tǒng)流程圖 .........................................................57 I/O 地址分配表： ...................................................61 系統(tǒng)程序梯形圖 .....................................................64總 結(jié) ....................................................................77參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................78英文翻譯原文 ............................................................79 英文翻譯譯文 .............................................................90致 謝 ...................................................................98 附 錄 1...................................................................99附 錄 2..................................................................100附 錄 3..................................................................101附 錄 4..................................................................102附 錄 5..................................................................103第一章 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)、設(shè)計(jì)要求及設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)本次設(shè)計(jì)為功能設(shè)計(jì)，取材于青海鋁廠陽極組裝工程實(shí)例，根據(jù)新型鋁廠電解鋁的陽極組裝工藝要求，完成陽極組裝工藝中托盤小車、軌道電機(jī)及夾具動作控制系統(tǒng)的電氣主電路、PLC 控制電路設(shè)計(jì)和控制程序設(shè)計(jì)。s largescale automation process unit. The system is mainly posed by the oil pump electrical machinery, the oil heater, the hydraulic pressure station, the belt conveyer, the car moves the electrical machinery and the control system is posed. Through to the control system main circuit, the control circuit design and the parameter putation, has given the control system plete control electricity schematic diagram and the flow chart. According to the anode assembly39。s control and the orbital electrical machinery39。本設(shè)計(jì)過程中涉及較多的開關(guān)量輸入輸出點(diǎn)，故選用配置靈活的模塊式結(jié)構(gòu) PLC 以提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性與處理效率。通過對控制系統(tǒng)主電路、控制電路設(shè)計(jì)和參數(shù)計(jì)算，給出了控制系統(tǒng)完整的控制電氣原理圖和流程圖。該工藝過程主要是對托盤小車的控制和軌道電機(jī)的控制，本設(shè)計(jì)取材于青海鋁廠陽極組裝工程實(shí)例，該工藝是集機(jī)、電、液、氣于一體的大型自動化的工藝設(shè)備。摘 要隨著自動化生產(chǎn)程度的提高, PLC 在生產(chǎn)控制系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用也越來越廣泛。本設(shè)計(jì)基于西門子公司 S7300 可編程控制器，設(shè)計(jì)了青海鋁廠陽極組裝工藝 PLC 控制的自動控制系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)主要由油泵電機(jī)、油加熱器、液壓站、皮帶運(yùn)輸機(jī)、小車移動電機(jī)和控制系統(tǒng)組成。根據(jù)陽極組裝的生產(chǎn)工藝的要求，設(shè)計(jì)并使用 STEP 7 編制了一套適用于該組裝工藝的 PLC 控制軟件。關(guān)鍵詞： 可編程控制器；軌道電機(jī)；自動控制；變頻器 AbstractWith the improvement of automatic production, the PLC application in production control system is also more and more broad. This design based on the Siemens S7300 programmable controller, has designed the Qinghai aluminum manufacturer anode assembly technology PLC control automatic control system. This technological process is mainly to the tray car39。s control, this design selects material from the Qinghai aluminum manufacturer anode assembly project example, this technological is the collection machine, the electricity, the fluid, the gas in a body39。s technique of production39。自動控制系統(tǒng)由可編程控制器（PLC）控制柜、軌道電機(jī)操作臺、陽極小車等控制系統(tǒng)組成。系統(tǒng)以 PLC 為核心，配以合理的低壓電氣、先進(jìn)的檢測元件、控制電動機(jī)，液壓閥等機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)調(diào)動作，實(shí)現(xiàn)陽極組裝工藝過程的自動化控制。軌道電機(jī)控制（1）完成 10 個(gè)電機(jī)起、停信號的檢測、實(shí)現(xiàn)電機(jī)的自由起、停；（2）完成小車和軌道電機(jī)各種信號的互鎖和監(jiān)控；（3）根據(jù)軌道的運(yùn)載情況，決定電機(jī)的起停、故障和過載保護(hù)控制。：操作臺面板應(yīng)具有各電機(jī)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)指示、電動機(jī)電流指示、電動機(jī)過 統(tǒng)的先進(jìn)性。：硬件圖形要合理、正確、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，具有實(shí)用價(jià)值；程序設(shè)計(jì)要先進(jìn)、合 理，具有可讀性和可維護(hù)性。（2）系統(tǒng)具有電機(jī)過載、過流