【正文】 性能的材料，也不能叫納米材料。當物質到納米尺度以后，大約是在 1—100 納米這個范圍空間，物質的性能就會發(fā)生突變，出現特殊性能。通俗一點說，相當于萬分之一頭發(fā)絲粗細。水熱合成不同形態(tài) YF3納米線及其表征 摘 要本課題采用以 NH4F 為氟源，Y(NO 3)3 為釔源，在不同反應溫度，不同 PH 值的條件下，通過簡單的水熱法合成了納米粉體沉淀，經洗滌、過濾、干燥粉碎、真空脫水制得不同形態(tài)的氟化釔晶體，再經過 X 射線衍射(XRD)結果表明所得的產物確實為 YF3 晶體。用掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)和透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)對產物的形貌表征，表明產物是納米線結構關鍵詞：納米線，水熱合成，YF 3 Room temperature, controlled synthesis of nanowires of different forms and Characterization YF3ABSTRACTThis topic used to NH4F as the fluoride source, Y (NO3) 3 as the yttrium source, at different reaction temperatures, under conditions of different PH values, by a simple hydrothermal synthesis of nano powder precipitation, washing, filtration, dried and crushed vacuum dehydration of various forms of yttrium fluoride crystals, through the Xray diffraction (XRD) results show that the product obtained indeed YF3 crystal. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of the morphology of the product, that product is nanowireKEYWORDS： Nanowires ，hydrothermal Synthesis，YF3 目 錄摘 要 ...........................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................II第一部分緒論 .............................................................................................................................11 引言 ...................................................................................................................................1 納米材料的定義 ....................................................................................................1 納米材料的分類 ...................................................................................................1 納米材料的發(fā)展現狀 ............................................................................................2 納米產業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢 ...............................................................................................6 納米技術對傳統(tǒng)產業(yè)改造 ....................................................................................8 納米材料的特殊性質 ............................................................................................92 本論文的主要內容和基本理論 .....................................................................................10 納米線的相關知識 ..............................................................................................10 氟化釔的性質、用途、研究現狀 .....................................................................12 納米線的制備技術簡介 ......................................................................................13 ................................................................................................................13 水熱法的定義及發(fā)展 ..........................................................................................13 水熱反應中的晶粒結晶機制 ..............................................................................14 水熱法的特點 ......................................................................................................14第二部分實驗部分 ...................................................................................................................15 YF3簡介 .....................................................................................................15 ........................................................................................................15 ..........................................................................................16 X 射線衍射分析（XRD） ....................................................................................16 掃描電子顯微鏡（SEM) .....................................................................................16 透射電子顯微鏡（TEM) ...................................................................................16 ..........................................................................................18 實驗設備 ..............................................................................................................18 實驗原料 ..............................................................................................................18 實驗工藝 ..............................................................................................................19 實驗方案 ..............................................................................................................19 實驗步驟 ..............................................................................................................205 制備 YF3 納米粒子 .......................................................................................................21第三部分試驗結果分析部分 ...................................................................................................221 形貌觀測 .........................................................................................................................222 結構分析 .........................................................................................................................23 溫度對產物結構的影響 .......................................................................................23 PH 對產物結構的影響 ........................................................................................23 不同化學配比對產物結構的影響 .......................................................................24第三部分 總 結 .......................................................................................................................26致 謝 .........................................................................................................................................27參考文獻 ...................................................................................................................................28 第一部分 緒論1引言 納米材料的定義納米是英文 namometer 的譯音，是一個物理學上的度量單位，1 納米是 1 米的十億分之一；相當于 45 個原子排列起來的長度。就象毫米、微米一樣，納米是一個尺度概念，并沒有物理內涵。這種既具不同于原來組成的原子、分子，也不同于宏觀的物質的特殊性能構成的材料，即為納米材料。過去，人們只注意原子、分子或者宇宙空間，常常忽略這個中間領域，而這個