【正文】
在生產(chǎn)中占有十分重要的地位。在各類金屬切削機(jī)床中,車床是應(yīng)用最廣泛的一類,約占機(jī)床總數(shù)的50%。按工藝特點(diǎn)、布局形式和結(jié)構(gòu)特性等的不同,車床可以分為臥式車床、落地車床、立式車床、轉(zhuǎn)塔車床以及仿形車床等,其中大部分為臥式車床。為了子數(shù)控機(jī)床上加工出合格的零件,首先需根據(jù)零件圖紙的精度和計(jì)算要求等,分析確定零件的工藝過(guò)程、工藝參數(shù)等內(nèi)容,用規(guī)定的數(shù)控編程代碼和格式編制出合適的數(shù)控加工程序。但從數(shù)控加工內(nèi)容的本質(zhì)上講,各數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的各項(xiàng)指令都是應(yīng)實(shí)際加工工藝要求而設(shè)定的。關(guān)鍵詞: 車削加工 刀具 零件的工藝過(guò)程 工藝參數(shù) 程序編制 On the lathe, use the rotation of the workpiece and tool of line or curve movement to change the shape and size of rough, meet the requirements of drawings processing it into. Turning on a lathe is used the workpiece relative to the method of cutting tool rotation on the workpiece. Cutting is mainly posed of workpiece in turning rather than the tool provided. Turning is the most basic and most mon method of cutting, occupies a very important place in production. Turn Rotary surface suitable for cutting, most with turning method for Rotary surface of workpieces can be processed, such as inner and outer cylinder and inner and outer taper, surfacing, Groove, screw and Rotary forming surface, the tool is mainly used tools. In all kinds of metalcutting machine tools, lathe is the most widely used category, per cent of the total number of machine tools 50%. Turning the lathe tool available on the workpiece, and drills, reamers, taps and knurling cutter drilling, reaming, tapping and rolling flower, and so on. Technical features, layout, forms and structure characteristics of different lathes can be divided into horizontal lathe, face lathe, vertical lathes, Turret Lathes, and contouring lathe, horizontal lathe with most of them. CNC turning process is typical of modern manufacturing technology, in all areas of manufacturing industries such as aerospace, automotive, molds, precision machinery, household appliances, increasing use of a variety of industries, has bee an integral part of these industries processing means. To CNC processing qualified parts, first as well as their precision and calculations required under part drawings, analysis of technological parameters of part of the process, content, NC programming code and format provided a suitable CNC machining program. Programming must pay attention to specific or machine tool numerical control system, should be conducted in strict accordance with the provisions of machine tool programming manual programming. But in essence of NC content, the numerical control system of the instruction set is the actual process requirements. Since I have little talent and learning, lack of knowledge and experience of inevitable irregularities during the design process, hope you give correct me and all of your ments.Key words: turning process parameters of technological process of the tool part programming一.?dāng)?shù)控機(jī)床的簡(jiǎn)介數(shù)控機(jī)床是一種用電子計(jì)算機(jī)和專用電子計(jì)算裝置控制的高效自動(dòng)化機(jī)床。立式機(jī)床裝夾零件方便,但切屑排除較慢;臥式裝夾零件不是非常方便,但排屑性能好,散熱很高。三坐標(biāo)機(jī)床(X、Y、 Z)任意兩軸都可以聯(lián)動(dòng),主要用于加工平面曲線的輪廓和開敞曲面的行切。多坐標(biāo)機(jī)床主要用于曲面輪廓或者由于零件需要必須擺角加工的零件,如法向鉆孔,擺角行切等。擺角大小由加工的零件決定?!。?) T形槽:工作臺(tái)上的T形槽主要用于零件的裝夾,其中T形槽的槽數(shù)、槽寬、相互間距,需要根據(jù)加工工件的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行規(guī)定?,F(xiàn)代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)通常是一臺(tái)帶有專門系統(tǒng)軟件的專用微型計(jì)算機(jī)。 作為用戶,在考慮數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的時(shí)候,最關(guān)心的是系統(tǒng)的可靠性、可能和優(yōu)越的性價(jià)比,因此應(yīng)該考慮以下幾個(gè)方面: ?。?)分辨率 分辨率越高,可以清楚的進(jìn)行控制,適合工業(yè)環(huán)境使用?! 。?)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(基本)功能項(xiàng)目功能越全越好,結(jié)合機(jī)床使用而定,特別是一些自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償、自適應(yīng)技術(shù)模塊等先進(jìn)的檢測(cè)、監(jiān)控系統(tǒng):紅外線、溫度測(cè)量、功率測(cè)量、激光檢測(cè)等先進(jìn)手段的采用,將在一定程度上大大提高機(jī)床的綜合性能,保證機(jī)床更加可靠精確地自動(dòng)工作二.?dāng)?shù)控加工的概念 數(shù)控機(jī)床工作原理就是將加工過(guò)程所需的各種操作(如主軸變速、工件的松開與夾緊、進(jìn)刀與退刀、開車與停車、自動(dòng)關(guān)停冷卻液)和步驟以及工件的形狀尺寸用數(shù)字化的代碼表示,通過(guò)控制介質(zhì)(如穿孔紙帶或磁盤等)將數(shù)字信息送入數(shù)控裝置,數(shù)控裝置對(duì)輸入的信息進(jìn)行處理與運(yùn)算,發(fā)出各種控制信號(hào),控制機(jī)床的伺服系統(tǒng)或其他驅(qū)動(dòng)元件,使機(jī)床自動(dòng)加工出所需要的工件。數(shù)控加工一般包括以下幾個(gè)內(nèi)容: (1)對(duì)圖紙進(jìn)行分析,確定需要數(shù)控加工的部分; (2)利用圖形軟件(PRO/E UG)對(duì)需要數(shù)控加工的部分造型; (3)根據(jù)加工條件,選擇合適的加工參數(shù),生成加工軌跡(包括粗加工、半精加工、精加工軌跡); (4)軌跡的仿真檢驗(yàn); (5)生成G代碼; (6)傳給機(jī)床加工。因此,數(shù)控機(jī)床適用于零件頻繁更換的場(chǎng)合。 2.加工精度高 數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工精度,~,數(shù)控機(jī)床是按數(shù)字信號(hào)形式控制的,數(shù)控裝置每輸出一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào),則機(jī)床移動(dòng)部件移動(dòng)一個(gè)脈沖當(dāng)量(),而且機(jī)床進(jìn)給傳動(dòng)鏈的反向間隙與絲杠螺距平均誤差可由數(shù)控裝置進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償,因此,數(shù)控機(jī)床定位精度比較高。 4. 生產(chǎn)率高 數(shù)控機(jī)床可有效地減少零件的加工時(shí)間和輔助時(shí)間,數(shù)控機(jī)床的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速和進(jìn)給量的范圍大,允許機(jī)床進(jìn)行大切削量的強(qiáng)力切削,數(shù)控機(jī)床移動(dòng)部件的快速移動(dòng)和定位及高速切削加工,減少了半成品的工序間周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間,提高了生產(chǎn)效率。操作者主要是程序的輸入、編輯、裝卸零件、刀具準(zhǔn)備、加工狀態(tài)的觀測(cè),零件的檢驗(yàn)等工作,勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度極大降低,機(jī)床操作者的勞動(dòng)趨于智力型工作。 6. 利于生產(chǎn)管理現(xiàn)代化 數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工,可預(yù)先精確估計(jì)加工時(shí)間,所使用的刀具、夾具可進(jìn)行規(guī)范化、現(xiàn)代化管理。 四.?dāng)?shù)控車削加工車削加工是切削加工中最基本的一種加工方法,它是在車床上利用工件的旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)和刀具的移動(dòng)來(lái)加工工件的,因此車削加工是機(jī)械加工中運(yùn)用最廣泛的加工方法,車床占切削加工機(jī)床總數(shù)的40﹪左右。根據(jù)數(shù)控加工的