【正文】 ，即可由數(shù)控裝置代替人的大腦和雙手的大部分功能，控制加工的全過程，制造出任意復(fù)雜的零件。采用自動機床和仿形機床加工時，上述操作和運動參數(shù)則是通過設(shè)計好的凸輪、靠模和擋塊等裝置以模擬量的形式來控制的，它們 雖能加工比較復(fù)雜的零件，且有一定的靈活性和通用性，但是零件的加工精度受凸輪、靠模制造精度的影響，而且工序準備時間也很長。 數(shù)控加工原理和特點 數(shù)控加工原理 當我們使用機床加工零件時，通常都需要對機床的各種動作進行控制，一是控制動作的先后次序，二是控制機床各運動部件的位移量。 數(shù)控技術(shù)的問世已有 40多年的歷史，它是由機械 學(xué)、控制學(xué)、電子學(xué)、計算機科學(xué)四大基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科發(fā)展起來的一門綜合性新型學(xué)科。數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線、制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求，也是實現(xiàn)新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎(chǔ)單元。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運行平臺、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當前研究的核心。 為解決傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)封閉性和數(shù)控應(yīng)用軟件的產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)存在 的問題。 開放性是體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展趨勢 新一代數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)核心是開放性。 、集成化 當今世界上的數(shù)控機床向柔性自動化系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的趨勢是：從點 (數(shù)控單機、加工中心和數(shù)控復(fù)合加工機床 )、線 (FMC、 FMS、 FTL、 FML)向面 (工段車間獨立制造島 FA)、體 (CIMS、分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成制造系統(tǒng) )的方向發(fā)展，另一方面向注重應(yīng)用性和經(jīng)濟性方向發(fā)展。 高精度化：其精度從微米級到亞微米級，乃至納米級 (高可靠性：一般數(shù)控系統(tǒng) 的可靠性要高于數(shù)控設(shè)備的可靠性在一個數(shù)量級以上，但也不是可靠性越高越好，因為商品受性能價格比的約束。 個性化的發(fā)展趨勢 數(shù)控機床的功能復(fù)合化的發(fā)展，其核心是在一臺機床上要完成車、銑、鉆、攻絲、絞孔和擴孔等多種操作工序，從而提高了機床的效率和加工精度，提高生產(chǎn)的柔性。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 數(shù)控機床 ,工藝設(shè)計 ,程序編制 Abstract NC machining is a new professional machinery industry, the numerical control technology is the digital program control of CNC machine to realize automatic working technology. It is widely used in mechanical manufacturing and automation, better solve the many varieties, small batch and plex parts processing and automation of production processes. With the rapid development of puter, automatic control technology, numerical control technology has been widely used in CNC machine tools, robots and all kinds of electromechanical integration equipment. At the same time, the rapid development of social economy, the NC equipment and CNC machinery have rapidly developed and improved in the aspects of theory and application. With the development of social demand for personalized, diversified, the scale of production along the small batch mass multiple species and batch of the direction of development, and the introduction of high technology and modern management technology with puter technology as the representative, peration and integration, constantly changing appearance and connotation of traditional manufacturing technology, which formed the advanced manufacturing technology. Numerical control is a kind of automatic control technology, its control is position, angle, speed mechanical quantity. CNC machine tools, CNC technology is the use of the machine, it is loaded with the program control machine tool, the system can logically processing has provisions for the use of numbers or other symbols coded instruction program. It should be noted that the design from the NC processing should be done before the start to the CNC machining process analysis and selection, CNC tool, workpiece clamping and machining fixture selection, programming and NC machining problems of the one one instructions. Keywords: CNC machine tool,process design,program 目 錄 摘 要 ........................................................................ 2 Abstract ..................................................................... 2 第 1章 緒論 ................................................................. 5 數(shù)控機床 21世紀最新發(fā)展趨勢 ............................................................................................................5 個性化是市場適應(yīng)性發(fā)展趨勢 ...................................................................................................5 個性化的發(fā)展趨勢 ......................................................................................................................6 開放性是體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展趨勢 ...................................................................................................6 數(shù)控加工原理和特點 ..............................................................................................................................7 數(shù)控加工原理 ..............................................................................................................................7 數(shù)控加工的特點 ..........................................................................................................................7 數(shù)控加工工藝概念和工藝過程 ............................................................................................................7 數(shù)控加工工藝 ..............................................................................................................................8 數(shù)控加工工藝過程 ......................................................................................................................8 數(shù)控加工工藝與數(shù)控編程的關(guān)系 ...............................................................................................8 數(shù)控車削加工的主要對象及加工過程 ...................................................................................................8 加工對象 ......................................................................................................................................8 加工過程 ......................................................................................................................................9 第 2章 零件的工藝分析 ....................................................... 10 軸承套零件圖的工藝分析 .................................................................................................................. 11 軸承套零件圖的工藝分析 ...................................................................................................... 11 工藝措施 .................................................................................................................................. 11 軸承套定位基準和裝夾方式的選擇 ..................................................................................................... 11 定位基準的選擇 ........................................................................................................................ 11 裝夾方式的選擇 ........................................................................................................................12 確定軸承套的定位基準和裝夾方式 ..............................................................................