【正文】 anced level of technology employing thirdgeneration industrial robots is found in assembly. System repeatability is of utmost importance. Endofarm tooling must be pliant, ., have both force and displacement control to adjust part insertions, which require that the robot actually feel its way along. This technology usually requires a measure of artificial intelligence. Assembly robots generally are electronically driven and operate in clean enviromnents. Assembly robots are expected to exceed further technology applications.Other Applications Other typical applications of robots include inspection, quality control, and repair。 operates like a NC machine.6. Intelligent Robot. Robot that uses sensory perception to evaluate its environment andcmake decisions and proceeds to operate accordingly.The firstgeneration of robot systems was defined for the various robots with limited puter power. Their main intelligant functions include programming by showing a sequence of manipulation steps by a human operator using a teach box. Without any sensors, these robots require a prearranged and relatively fixed factory environment and, therefore, have limited use.The secondgeneration of robot systems was enhanced by the addition of a puter processor. A major step in industrial robotics development was the integration of a puter with the industrial robot mechanism. This has provided realtime calculation of trajectory to smooth the motions of the end effector and integration of mine simple force and proximity sensors to obtain external signals.The main applications of second generation robots include spot and arc welding, spray painting, and some assembly.Thirdgeneration robot systems incorporate multiple eomputer processors and multiple arms that can operate asynchronously to perform .several functions. Distributed hierarchical mmputer organization is preferred, because it can coordinate motions and interface with external sensors, other machines, and other robots and can municate with other puters. These robots can already exhibit intelligent behavior, including knowledgebased control and learning abilities.Japan ranks as the world39。機床模具機械材料作者：日期：附錄英文原文Industrial Robot and its system’s ponentsThere are a variety of definitions of the term robot. Depending on the definition used, the number of robot installations worldwide varies widely. Numerous single purpose muchines are used in manufacturing plants that might appear to be robots. These machines are hardwired to perform a single function and can not be reprogrammed to perform a different function. Such singlepurpose machines do not fit the definition for industrial robots that is being widely accepted. This definition was developed by the robot Institute ofAmerica:A robot is a reprogrammable muhifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable progranmled motions for the perfommnce of a variety of tasks.Note that this definition cxmtalns the words reprograrnmable and multifunctional. It is these two characteristics that separate the true industrial robot from the various singlepurpose machines used in modern manufacturing firms. The termreprogrammableimplies two things:The robot operates aec~)rding to a written program, and this program can be rewritten to acconlmodatc a variety of manufacturing tasks.The termmultifunctionalmeans that the robot can, through reprogramming and the use of different deffectors, perform a number of different manufacturing tasks. Definitions written around these two critical characteristics are being the accepted definitions among manufacturing professionals.The fimt articulated arm came about in 1951 and was used by the . Atomic Energy Commission. In 1954, the first programmable robot was designed by George Devol. It was based on two important technologies:(1) Numerical control (NC) technology.(2) Remote manipulation technology.Numerical control technology provided a foma of machine control ideally suited to allowed for the control of motion by stored programs. These programs contain data points to which the robot sequentially move