【正文】 ther should either plete or not happen at all ? Concurrent access by multiple users并發(fā)訪問(wèn) ? Concurrent accessed needed for performance ? Uncontrolled concurrent accesses can lead to inconsistencies – Example: Two people reading a balance and updating it at the same time (sell ticket) ? Security problems ? Hard to provide user access to some, but not all, data ? Database systems offer solutions to all the above problems TCGCSU Database Systems Characteristics of the Database Approach 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) 方法 ? Data: data are raw facts that describe people, objects, and events ? Database: An integrated collection of related data constitutes a Database(DB). 相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù) 集成 ? related data, the data represents logically coherent facts about some aspects of the real world that are required by an application. ? Integrated, the data for multiple applications is stored together and manipulated in a uniform way on a secondary storage such as a magic or an optical disk. TCGCSU Database Systems Database Management Systems ? A Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of programs that controls a database. ? Generalpurpose software system ? Data Definition Language (DDL) ? Data Manipulation Language (DML) ? Controlled access to the database ? a security system (authorized users) 安全性 ? an integrity system (consistency of stored data) 完整性 ? a concurrency control system (shared access) 并發(fā)控制 ? a recovery control system (when H/S failure) 恢復(fù) ? a useraccessible catalog (descriptions of data ) 數(shù)據(jù)字典 TCGCSU Database Systems Database System ? a Database System consists of ?an application specific database 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) ?the DBMS that maintains that database DBMS ?the application software that manipulates the database 應(yīng)用程序 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的 個(gè)體含義 是指一個(gè)具體的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng)軟件和用它建立起來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)；它的 學(xué)科含義 是指研究、開(kāi)發(fā)、建立、維護(hù)和應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)所涉及的理論、方法、技術(shù)所構(gòu)成的學(xué)科。Database SystemSSD7 Spring, 2022 Tan Changgeng School of Software, Central South University TCGCSU Database Systems ? References ? CMU SSD7 Eresource ? Database system concepts (5th ed.) by Silberschatz, Korth, Sudarshan, 2022,Higher Education Press. ISBN 7040192454 ? 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)概念 （上書(shū)中譯本） ， 原著： Silberschatz， 楊冬青譯，機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 ,ISBN 7111196872 ? Database Systems –A practical Approach to Design , Implementation,and Management(Thomas Connolly,Carolyn Begg,Person Education Inc.), ISBN 7505387847 ? Instructor: Tan Changgeng. Email: :327414529 Offering WorldLeading Curriculum in Computer Programming amp。 Software Systems Development(SSD) TCGCSU Database Systems Two Certificates ? Certificate in Computer Programming ? Courses 1 through 5 ? Certificate in Software Systems Development ? Courses 1 through 10 SSD Curriculum Overview TCGCSU Database Systems iCarnegie Curriculum 15 = Certificate in Computer Programming 110 = Certificate in Software Systems Development 1: Introduction to Information Systems 2: Introduction to Computer Systems 3: Object Oriented Programming and Design 5: Data Structures and Algorithms 6: System Level Programming 10: Software Project Organization and Management 9: Software Specification, Test and Maintenance 8: Networks and Distributed Computing 4 : User Centered Design and Testing 7: Database Systems TCGCSU Database Systems What does iCarnegie do? ? 10 Course Sequence ? Rooted in the expertise of Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science ? Applied, industryoriented skills ? Software Development Discipline Software Development != Computer Science ? CS trains scientists/researchers ? Focus on Theory ? Higher Mathematics ? Software Developers are not researchers ? Applied, industry oriented skills ? Focus on foundational skills TCGCSU Database Systems The purpose of SSD7 is for students to ? Bee familiar with fundamental DBMS concepts and what a database system is ? Learn to use SQL(structured query language) ? Learn to design database systems ? Learn to design and manage transaction(事務(wù) ) ? Learn to improve query performance ? Gain exposure to future trends in databases TCGCSU Database Systems Students successfully pleting SSD7 will be able to PRODUCE (cont’d) ? Database designs that support a given application ? Data models using ER diagrams ? Sound schema designs using normalization （使用規(guī)范化方法設(shè)計(jì)出合理的模式） ? Webbased database applications using SQL and JSP/Servlets TCGCSU Database Systems Students successfully pleting SSD7 will be able to USE ? Index structures of a DBMS to improve performance ? The transaction features of a DBMS to achieve fault recovery(故障恢復(fù) ) and concurrency control (并發(fā)控制 ) ? Key relational operations to manipulate data(操縱數(shù)據(jù) ) ? SQL DDL to model data, constraints, and views(視圖 ) ? SQL DML to write plex queries TCGCSU Database Systems Students will be able to knowledgeably DISCUSS ? The basic concepts of objectrelational and objectoriented database management systems ? The basic concepts and application of data warehousing and data mining (datacubes, OLAP) ? The basic functions and application of multimedia databases ? The basic issues of database privacy and security ? The DBMS offerings of the most important vendors TCGCSU Database Systems Database Prog Distributed Sys OS UI Data Struct amp。在這一含義下，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)是軟件研究領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要分支，常稱為數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)領(lǐng)域。 ? 例如：文字、圖形、圖象、聲音、學(xué)生的檔案記錄等。數(shù)據(jù)與其語(yǔ)義是不可分的。信息則是數(shù)據(jù)的內(nèi)涵，是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)語(yǔ)義的解釋； ? 數(shù)據(jù)表示了信息，而信息只有通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)形式才能被計(jì)算機(jī)理解和接受。ve users ? Sophisticated users TCGCSU Database Systems Database Architecture The architecture of a database systems is greatly influenced by the underlying puter system on which the database is running: ? Centralized ? Clientse