【正文】 ne propeller shafts can be turned on a lathe. Apart from turning, several other operations can also be performed on lathe. axially [39。ksi?li] symmetrical [si39。lindrikl] contoured [39。在車削過程中，工件繞其軸線回轉(zhuǎn)，單刃車刀沿工件進(jìn)給，切除掉多余的材料，最后形成要求的圓柱形表面。從懷表的零件到大直徑的船用螺旋槳軸都可以在 車床上加工。 Boring and internal turning. Boring and internal turning are performed on the internal surfaces by a boring bar or suitable internal cutting tools. If the initial workpiece is solid, a drilling operation must be performed first. The drilling tool is held in the tailstock, and the latter is then fed against the workpiece. When boring is done in a lathe, the work usually is held in a chuck or on a face plate. Holes may be bored straight, tapered, or to irregular contours. Boring is essentially internal turning while feeding the tool parallel to the rotation axis of the workpiece. 譯文 : 利用鏜桿或合適的內(nèi)圓車刀可以進(jìn)行鏜削和車內(nèi)圓。鉆頭安裝在尾架上，后者向工件進(jìn)給。鏜出的孔可以是直孔、錐孔或者不規(guī)則輪廓。 Facing. Facing is the producing of a flat surface as the result of a tool’s being fed across the end of the rotating workpiece. Unless the work is held on a mandrel, if both ends of the work are to be faced, it must be turned around after the first end is pleted and then the facing operation repeated. The cutting speed should be determined from the largest diameter of the surface to be faced. Facing may be done either from the outside inward or from the center outward. In either case, the point of the tool must be set exactly at the height of center of rotation. Because the cutting force tends to push the tool away from the work, it is usually desirable to clamp the carriage to the lathe bed during each facing cut to prevent it from moving slightly and thus producing a surface that is not flat. In the facing of casting or other materials that have a hard surface, the depth of the first cut should be sufficient to perate the hard material to avoid excessive tool wear. mandrel [39。ndr?l] clamp [kl230。rid?] ，拖板 perate [39。除非工件固定在心軸上，如果工件兩端都要車端面，必須將一端加工完成后，將工件調(diào)頭，重復(fù)進(jìn)行車端面加工。車端面可以由外向內(nèi)也可以由中心向外進(jìn) 行。由于切削力有將車刀推離工件的趨勢，通常最可行的就是在車端面時將拖板卡緊在床身上以避免車刀輕微移動造成加工表面不平整。 Parting. Parting is the operation by which one section of a workpiece is severed from the remainder by means of cutoff tool. Because cutting tools are quite thin and must have considerable overhang, this process is less accurate and more difficult. The tool should be set exactly at the height of axis of rotation, be kept sharp, have proper clearance angles, and be fed into the workpiece at a proper and uniform feed rate. remainder [ri39。?uv?39。?] ...之上 。ju:nif?:m] ,一致的 。由于切斷刀非常薄而且處于懸臂狀態(tài)，因此這種加工方法不太精確而且加工起來常常比較困難。 Threading. Threading can be considered as turning since the path to be travelled by the cutting tool is helical. However, there are some major differences between turning and threading. While in turning, the interest is in generating a smooth cylindrical surface, in threading the interest is in cutting a helical thread of a given form and depth which can be calculated from the formulae. 譯文 : 車螺紋可以看作是車削，只是車刀所形成的加工軌跡是螺旋線。車削主要考慮能否生成光滑的圓柱形表面，而車螺紋注重的是能否切出具有按公式計算出來的規(guī)定形狀和深度的螺旋線。tju:din?li] lead screw 絲杠 split unit 開合機(jī)構(gòu) 譯文 : 車螺紋有兩個基本要求：首先，由于車螺紋是一種成形加工，因此車刀必須具有準(zhǔn)確的形狀而且要安裝合適。其次，車刀的縱向進(jìn)給與工件的回轉(zhuǎn)運動具有特定的關(guān)系，因此這決定了螺紋的導(dǎo)程。床身的尺寸和質(zhì)量要使車床具有足夠的剛性以保證制造過程中獲得所需的工程公差。 ? Headstock is clamped atop the bed at lefthand end of the lathe and contains the motor that drives the spindle whose axis is parallel to the guideways through a series of gears housed within the gearbox. The function of gearbox is to generate a number of different spindle speeds. ? atop adv. 在 (? )頂上 ? gearbox 齒輪箱 床頭箱（主軸箱）緊固在床身上面的左端，內(nèi)裝有 電機(jī)，它通過變速箱內(nèi)的一組齒輪來驅(qū)動主軸轉(zhuǎn)動，主軸的軸線平行于導(dǎo)軌。 ? A spindle gear is mounted on the rear of the spindle to transmit power through the change gears to the feeding box that distributes the power to the lead screw for threading or to the feed rod for turning. ? on the rear of 在?的尾部 ? change gears 掛輪 ? lead screw 絲杠 ? feed rod 光杠 主軸齒輪安裝在主軸的尾部，通過掛輪把動力傳遞到進(jìn)給箱，如果是車螺紋，進(jìn)給箱將動力分配到絲杠上；如果是車削，就將動力分配到光杠上。這個通孔具有一個內(nèi)錐面，可以安裝普通車床的中心頂尖。 Carriage assembly is actually an Hshaped block that sits across the guideways and in front of lathe bed. The function of the carriage is to carry and move the cutting tool longitudinally. It can be moved by hand or by power and can be clamped into position with a locking nut. The carriage is posed of the cross slide, pound rest, tool saddle, and apron. 拖板組件實際上是一個 H 形的鑄件，位于床身的前端并橫跨在導(dǎo)軌上。利用鎖緊螺母可以將其卡緊在所需位置。 ? The cross slide is mounted on the dovetail guideways on the top of the saddle and it moved back and forth at 90176。它利用橫拖板絲杠于車床軸線成 90 度夾角 的方向上前后移動。 ? The pound rest is mounted on the cross slide and can be swiveled and clamped at any angle in a horizontal plane. The pound is typically used for cutting chamfers or tapers, but must also be used when cutting thread. The pound rest can only be fed by hand. There is no power to pound rest. The cutting tool and tool holder are secured in the tool post which is mounted directly to the pound rest. ? swivel [39。小刀架主要用來倒角和加工錐面，在車削螺 紋時也必須用到小刀架。刀具和刀夾被卡緊在直接安裝在小刀架上的刀座上。它可以實現(xiàn)刀尖的縱向、橫向和斜向進(jìn)給。當(dāng)切制螺紋時，動力通過絲杠傳遞到溜板箱中的變速齒輪箱。 ? Tailstock is posed of a low base and the movable part of the tailstock proper, the transverse adjustments being made with a cross screw furnished with a square head. The two parts are hold together by the holdingdown bolts which secure the tailstock to the bed. ? transverse adj. 橫向的，橫切的； n. 橫軸 ? holdingdown bolts 壓緊螺栓 尾座由底座和尾座體的可移動部件組成。底座和可移動部分通過壓緊螺栓連接在一起并將尾座固定在床身上。非傳統(tǒng)加工過程被定義為一組進(jìn)程 ,去除多余 material by various techniques involving mechanical, thermal,electrical or chemical energy or binations of these energies but do not use a sharp cutting tool as it is used in traditional manufacturing processes. [1] 材料的各種技術(shù)涉及機(jī)械、熱、電力或化學(xué)能源或組合這些能