[臨床醫(yī)學(xué)]傳染病學(xué)總論-展示頁
2025-04-22 22:47本頁面
【正文】 he reports issued by WHO, more than 30 new infectious diseases were discovered in recent 30 years ,which are called “emerging infectious diseases”。 ? Each hour， about 1500 people die of infectious diseases， most of cases occur in developing countries。 傳染病學(xué) 同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬東方醫(yī)院感染科 李楊 總論 傳染： munication 傳染病： municable Diseases Two concepts 感染病 Infectious Diseases 感 染 Infection 傳染病 Communicable Diseases （ Contagious Diseases） 傳 染 Communication Communicable diseases belongs to infectious diseases, but it doesn?t mean that all municable diseases are infectious diseases Examples : Communicable and Infectious Diseases （ 傳染病和感染?。? nonmunicable infectious diseases （ 非傳染性感染病） ? Fiftytwo millions people die each year in the world， % of which， about 17 millions people die of infectious diseases。 概論 WHO Reports： The outbreak of “Spanish flu” in 1918 caused death of 40 millions people all over the world. I、 In 1674, Mr. Leeuwenhoek（ 列文虎 克） Observed microanisms by homemade microscope. It was the first time that human set eyes on microanisms. ? II. In 1796, Jenner ,An English country doctor, inoculated cowpox vaccinia（ 牛痘） for a 8 years old boy, cowpox vaccinia was invented since that and human are immune from smallpox. ? Today smallpox has been the first infectious disease eradicated by human through vaccination. ? III. In 1882, Koch（ 科赫） , a German bacteriologist discovered tubercle bacillus. ? Pasteur and Koch established the base of microbiology together. Nobel prize winner of physiology and medicine, 1905 Robert Koch ? IV. In 1928, Fleming（費(fèi)列明） , a doctor from Scotland, discovered penicillin, since then a new ageantibiotics age was initiated. Nobel prize winner of physiology and medicine, 1945 Sir Alexander Fleming ? In 1988, WHO brought forward to eliminate poliomyelitis（ 脊髓灰質(zhì)炎） on 31122022 （ postponed to 2022） . ? In developing countries， about half of the dead persons are due to infectious diseases。 近年來人的死因順位發(fā)生了由傳染病為主轉(zhuǎn)向以心、腦血管病、腫瘤等為主的重大變化。 表 1 1973年以來新發(fā)現(xiàn)的部分傳染病 ? 年代 微生物 疾病 ? 1973 輪狀病毒 世界范圍嬰兒腹瀉的主要病因 1975 細(xì)小病毒 B19 5號病，慢性溶血性貧血中的再障危象 1976 隱孢子蟲 隱孢子蟲病，急性小腸結(jié)腸炎 1977 埃博拉病毒 埃博拉出血熱 1977 嗜肺軍團(tuán)菌 軍團(tuán)病 1977 漢坦病毒 腎綜合征出血熱 1977 空腸彎曲桿菌 全球分布的腸炎 1977 丁型肝炎病毒
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