【正文】 ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems ? ISTEA amp。Introduction to Traffic Engineering ? Total credit hours = 40 ? Credit = ? Teaching approach = English Plus some Chinese ? Text book = Traffic Engineering ? Course Characteristics pulsory ? Final score based on homework and term exam Chapter 1. Introduction ? Definition of Traffic Engineering It is the phase of transportation engineering that deals with the planning, geometric design and traffic operations of roads, streets and highways, their works, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation. ? Transportation Engineering is defined as a discipline applying technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation, and management of facilities for all modes of transportation. ? Transportation mode includes: land, rail, water,air and pipe. ? The focus of this class is on land transportation and connection with other modes. ? Scope of Traffic Engineering surface (land) transportation。 relationships and connection with other modes of transportation ? Share percentage among all modes with regard to people and goods ? Terminals, hubs and transfer center, port, storage logistics ? Goal of Traffic Engineering explore how to provide for the safe, rapid, fortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally patible movement of people and goods. ? Safe public safety ? Rapid time value and customer service ? Comfortable/convenient level of service ? Economical social cost ? Environmental clean air and sustainability ? Movement = mobility ? Mobility versus Access with an increase of mobility the ability to access development decreases, and vise versa. ? Urban and suburban (rural) ? Criterion for roadway design ? Each country has different way in determining hierarchy of highways Hierarchy of highway classification ? Roadways ? Vehicles ? Drivers ? Biker amp。 TEA21 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency and Transportation Equity Act for 21st Century. (1991 to 1997 and 1998 to 2022) The focus is to encourage use of high occupancy vehicles and transit. Apart from that, it allows the flexibility for states and localities to use funds. Background of Development of Traffic Engineering ? Automobile industry ? Urbanization ? Computer and ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) ? Environmentalism (green transportation system and sustainable development concept) Brief history of development of traffic engineering: Development of traffic engineering in China: ? Open undergraduate program in 1980 at Beijing University of Technology ? Second place of freeways in terms of mileage worldwide (second to USA) ? About 60 colleges and universities to offer traffic engineering course ? High investments in highway and traffic engineering studies Responsibility and liability (責(zé)任和義務(wù)）as traffic engineers ? Public safety ? Community protection traffic calming （ 寧靜社區(qū)交通設(shè)計(jì) ） ? Legal obligation control devices ? Communication with people traffic engineers work for Technical terms ? Traffic engineering automobile, engineeringoriented ? Transportation engineering all modes, social, legal, politicaloriented, ? Transport engineering British usage having same meaning of transportation。 it varies greatly from person to person, from situation to situation ? Visual acuity static and dynamic （靜視力，動(dòng)視力） ? Attention location: urban and rural ? Fatigue potential for high crash rate ? Drunkdrive increase of PRT time and high likelihood to make a wrong decision。 climbing lane （爬坡車道） is suggested Geometric Characteristics of Roadways ? Horizontal alignment （平曲線） ? Vertical alignment （豎曲線） ? Cross section （橫斷面） Traffic Control Devices ? Objective (1) municate with road users in a manner that information delivered to users has a high level of expectance and fort (2) consistent in providing standardization of sign, markings and signal for drivers to avoid confusing ? MUTCD = Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices China has now no such manual to follow ? Signs to regulate, warn or guide traffic ? Markings to channelize （渠化） traffic by painting or delineating （劃線） on the surface of road ? Signals to direct and warn traffic Chapter 3. Volume, Density amp。 headway is defined as the time interval between successive vehicles as they pass a point along the lane 1000aD d? 3600av h?Relationship among volume, speed and density SvDDSv???The Greenshields linear model ??????????jf DDSS 1 DDSSSjff ??)(),(de n s i t yj amDSbs pe e dfr e eSajff ???Greenberg’s logarithmic model DDSS jC ln?)l n ()l n ( DSDSS CjC ??1bDa ??)l n ()l n (1 DDSbDSaCjC????Underwood’s exponential (負(fù)指數(shù)） model ???????? ??Cf DDSS e xpDDSSCf1)l n ()l n ( ??bDaS ??1CfDbSaSS1)l n()l n(1????Derivation of flowspeed and flowdensity relationships under Greenshields 2)( SSDSDvfjj ??2DDSDSvjff ??Chapter 4. Spot speed (地點(diǎn)車速） , travel time （出行時(shí)間） and delay （延誤） studies ? Spot speed and travel time are the most monly used indicators of performance for traffic facilities and works. Delays are often used to measure the performance of traffic flow at intersections. Application of spot speeds ? speed limit buildup ? trends establishment ? specific design applications ? specific control applications ? highcrash investigation Spot speed collection methods ? Radar meters (handheld or mounted on a vehicle) ? Stop