土壤形成和發(fā)育ppt課件-展示頁
2025-01-23 12:52本頁面
【正文】 又稱成土因素，是影響土壤形成和發(fā)育的基本因素，它是一種物質(zhì)、力、條件或關(guān)系或它們的組合，其已經(jīng)對(duì)土壤形成發(fā)生影響或?qū)⒂绊懲寥赖男纬伞? ?成土因素學(xué)說 4 The influence of environment factors on soil formation was considered in a more systematic manner following the work of Jenny(1941). Soil =f (cl, o, r, p, t, (h)) climate 氣候 anisms 生物 relief 地形 parent material 母質(zhì) time 時(shí)間 human active 人為活動(dòng) Clorpt 函數(shù)式 5 ?成土因素學(xué)說的基本原理 ?土壤是成土因素綜合作用的結(jié)果 ?成土因素具有同等重要性和不可替代性 ?成土因素的時(shí)空分異導(dǎo)致土壤演化持續(xù)進(jìn)行 The operation of pedogenic processesis controlled by a number of environmental factors operating through the medium of time and that these determine the type of soil produced in any particular location. The soilforming factors operate in bination. It is no tpossible to rank them in order of importance – they are all equally important, although within any one environment certain factors may have a more dominant influence on soil formation than others. 6 ?地帶性土壤 （ Zonalsoils） At the regional and global scale, climate and biota will have a dominant influence on soil formation, and soil types can be related in general terms to bioclimatic zones. The remaining factors will then account for variations in soil formation within a particular bioclimatic zone. Zonal soils: soil varied with latitude according to climatic and vegetation conditions. Intrazonal soils: soils were more closely associated with parent material or drainage conditions. Azonal soils: soils were poorly developed, duo mainly to lack of time. 7 全球土壤 植被景觀圖 8 全球氣溫時(shí)空變化對(duì)土壤形成的影響 9 全球降水量時(shí)空變化對(duì)土壤形成的影響 10 Surfacerock weathering Weatheringcrust（風(fēng)化殼） Soil Parent material is main mineral sources of soil formation, and its nature is fundamental to many soil characteristics. 母質(zhì) (Parent material)對(duì)土壤發(fā)生的作用 Parentmaterial（母質(zhì)） Organisms active and anic matter accumulation （ pedogenic processes） 11 ? Definition of parent material 母質(zhì) 是風(fēng)化殼 (weathering crust)的表層，是指原生基巖(original bedrock)經(jīng)過風(fēng)化、搬運(yùn)、堆積等過程于地表形成的一層疏松、最年輕的地質(zhì)礦物質(zhì)層，它是形成土壤的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，是土壤的前身。 母質(zhì) 既不同于巖石： 有初步肥力，顆粒分散，疏松多孔，有一定吸附、透水和蓄水性能。 12 殘積母質(zhì) (residual parent material)： 巖石風(fēng)化后，基本上未經(jīng)動(dòng)力搬運(yùn)而殘留在原地的風(fēng)化物； 運(yùn)積母質(zhì) (carried p
教學(xué)課件相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1