【正文】 parison between two things that do not belong to the same category or was regarded as one word used to substitute another because there were preexisting similarities between them. As a result of this perspective, two theories took shape: one was the Comparison Theory, the other was the Theory of Substitution. But modern scholars discard the perspective, holding that metaphor is not only a device of rhetoric, to be more important, it is a leading way for human beings to know this world, a way of thinking. （中文摘要的對應譯文）Times New Roman、小四、加粗Key words: metaphor。 terms（注意：關鍵詞35個，字體要加粗，詞與詞之間用分號分開，除專有名詞外，其他單詞首字母不大寫）一級標題、小四、Times New Roman、加粗空一行、Times New Roman、小四Times New Roman、小三、加粗、居中Contents摘 要 ……………………………………………………………………………….iAbstract ……………………………………………………….……….………..iiI. Introduction……………………………………………………………...………..1II. A Historical Retrospection of Metaphor……………………………...………...2二級標題、小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、縮進一個字母 Aristotelian School: Metaphor—A Device of Rhetoric……………..……….2 The Platonic School—Language is Metaphorical……………….……………. 5 The Study of Metaphor from the 20th Century to the Present……………….…..6III. On Similarity……………………………………………………………………7 Similarity: A Fundamental Criterion for the Classification of Metaphor………..7 Similarity and Culture………………………………………………………….9 Similarity and Category………………………….……………………………10 The Relationship Between Similarity and Knowledge……………………….13三級標題、小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、縮進約3個字母IV. On the Mechanism of Metaphor…………………………….………………...15 Black’s Interaction Theory………………………………………....................15 Introduction to the Interaction Theory…………………………………...15 Some Defects of the Interaction Theory…………………………………16 Lakoffian Conceptual Metaphor Theory……………………………………...19 The Philosophical Basis of Lakoffian Theory…………………………...19 Lakoffian Theory on the Mechanism of Metaphor………………………21四級標題、小四、Times New Roman、不加粗、縮進約6個字母 The Deficiencies of Lakoffian Theory in Expounding the Creation of Similarity…………………. ……………………………………………...26 Conceptual Integration Theory……………………………………………….29 An Introduction to the Conceptual Integration Theory……………...…....29 Four Mental Spaces……………….………………...……………..29 Three Processes of BT………………..……………..……………..33 Optimality Principles of BT………….…………………...……….34 The Advantages of BT in Solving the Paradox of the Two Former Theories…………………………………………………………………...34 The Generic Mental Space…………………………….…...……...34 The Blending Space and Emergent Structure……..…………..…...35 The Other Advantages of BT………………..…………..…………40V. Conclusion………………………………………………….……………………42Bibliography………………………………………………..………………………45Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………46論文裝訂順序等要求：頁碼起始從Introduction部分開始第１頁，直到Acknowledgements 結束，（包括Acknowledgements）。 下劃線頁腳： 注：Bibliography 和 Acknowledgement 上面不加頁眉（詳見論文樣本）一級標題標題上面小三Times New Roman空三行，單倍行距一級標題單獨起頁、Times New Roman三號、頂格加粗、下空小四一行每段縮4~5個字母I. Introduction 正文小四、Times New Roman、 The study of metaphor has long been with us and the focus of the study is the mechanism of metaphor. It is the most significant and indispensable part of the study. For more than two thousand years, the study is carried on mainly from the perspective of rhetoric, viewing metaphor as a device of rhetoric, an embellishment of language. The representative of the theories in this long period is Aristotle’s Comparison Theory and Quintilian’s Theory of Substitution. Because metaphor is not only a rhetorical phenomenon, but also one of cognition, the interpretation force of these theories is very limited. In 1936, . Richards put forward Interaction Theory. Later Max Black made an elaboration of the work of his. Interaction Theory claims that metaphor is a cognitively irreducible phenomenon that works not at the level of word bination, but much deeper, arising out of the interaction between the conceptual structures underlying the words. But the ones who really turn the study of metaphor to a new page are George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The mark of this change is the publication of the book named Metaphors We Live By. The theory of Lako