【正文】 l C. must have fallen D. can have fallen ★ can’t/could’t 表示否定的 推測，意思是“不可能” +do 對現(xiàn)在情況的推測 can’t/couldn’t +have done 對過去情況的推測 ★ may/might not 表示可能性很小的推測，意思是“也許 ? ” +do 對現(xiàn)在情況的推測 may/might +have done 對過去情況的推測 3. 情態(tài)動詞的完成時虛擬語氣的用法 needn’ t have done should have done should not have done ought to have done could have done 4. 考試小竅門 在遇到情態(tài)動詞加完成時和情態(tài)動詞加原形同時出現(xiàn)的情況下，一般說來情態(tài)動詞加完成時是正確答案。一、時態(tài)和語態(tài) 1. 如何解答時態(tài)問題 例 1： You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You ______ just last week. A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed 例 2： Anne asked Tom ______ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left 考試重點： 2. 與 完成時 有關(guān)的時態(tài) ★現(xiàn)在完成時 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to now 例 1： Collecting toy cars as a hobby bees increasingly popular during the past fifty years. A B C D 例 2： English ______ in a new way at my college in the past few years. A. has been taught B. was being taught C. has been taught D. had been taught. ★過去完成時 (had done) 例 3： Anne asked Tom ______ the key. A. when he left B. where he had left C. how he left D. why did he left 例 4： The chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. had begun C. has been on D. would began ★將來完成時 (will have done) by 例 5： We’ re late I expect the film_____ by the time we get to the cinema. A. had already started B. have already C. will already have started D. have already been started. ★現(xiàn)在完成進行時 (have been doing) 例 6： It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We39。ll have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking ★過去完成進行時 (had been doing) ★ 將來完成進行時 (will have been doing ) 例 7： By the time you arrive this evening, _______for two hours. A. I will study B. I will have been studied C. I had studied D. I will have been studying. 3. 在時間和條件狀語從句中不用將來時態(tài) ▲用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時 例 1： When the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force. A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated 例 2： please be sure to telephone me the next time you ______. A. will e B. would e C. shall e D. e ▲用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時 例 3： Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_______ military service. A. will finish B. has finished C. finish D. would finish 注意： 例 4： No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she______ them. A. tries B. will try C. are trying D. have tried 4. 考試小竅門 ◆考試中如果遇到與完成時態(tài)相關(guān)的選項，要重點加以研讀，一般說來是正確答案。 Must do √ Must have done 三、虛擬語氣 趙文通 考試重點： 1. 條件句中的虛擬語氣 例１： I would ask Gee to lend us the money if I ______ him. A. had known B. have known C. knew D. would know 例２： If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased. A. had been used B. had been using C. being used D. using 條件句中的虛擬語氣需要注意以下三點： ? 如果條件句中有 were, had, should 時，可以把 if 省略，然后把這三個單詞提前，形成倒裝。 otherwise he_____ to the meeting. A. would have e B. would e C. could e D. had e 例７： We would have made a lot of money, but we halfway A. gave up B. had given up give up D. were to give up ? 錯綜時間條件句 例８： If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night. 2. (should )+動詞原形在某些從句中的應(yīng)用 ? 1)當賓語從句從的謂語是 suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, mand, arrange 等動詞時 ,如 : 例１： I suggested that we should go there on foot. 注意 :當 insist表示堅持認為之意時 , 不用虛擬語氣 ,用陳述語氣 . 如 : 例２： The man insisted that he had never stolen the money ? 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主語從句中 例３： It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight ? 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞之后的表語從句和同位語從句中 .如 : 例４： My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening 3. wish后的賓與從句中應(yīng)當用虛擬語氣 4. if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中 5. as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中 6. would rather后的 句子的虛擬語氣 謂語動詞用過去式 7. it is (high) time that ?. 句型中 , 從句的 謂語動詞用過去式 四、非謂語動詞 1. 不定式 ?不定式的邏輯主語 例１： The road is wild enough for cars to pass by. 例２： It is important for you to work hard. 例３： It is kind of you to help me. ?不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 例４： The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago. A. to be built B. to have been built C. to have built D. to have being built ?使用不帶 to的不定式 1)why not do表示委婉的建議 例１： Why not_____Professor Li for help? He is kindhearted and willing to help. A. ask B. you ask C. to ask D. your asking 2)使役動詞 have, make, let 的后面接不定式做賓語補足語時，用省 to 的不定式。 例５ ： With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_____ to a hospital. A. send B. to be sent C. being sent D. sending 4)do something but/except do 例６： There is nothing we can do _____ wait. A. but B. rather than C. in spite of C. besides. 5)記住下列不帶 to 的短語 can’t but can’t help but had better 2. 動名詞 1. 有些動詞后面既可以接動名詞又可以接不定式，但意思有差異 remember fet regret stop go on mean 2. 后面跟動名詞的固定句式 have trouble/problems/difficult doing something feel like spend/waste?doing something can’t help need/deserve/want be worth what about/how about 3. 分詞 分詞作表語 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 例 1： During the discussion, Mr Boyd remained silent when asking his opinion. A B C D 例 2： Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_______ A. handed them in B. them handing in C. being handed in D. handing them in 例３： _______ in the air fuels giv