【正文】 ,D 傳動裝置傳動順序 圖 5和 6所表現(xiàn)的系統(tǒng)運行清楚的描述了所有序列。但是現(xiàn)在還它還不是一個完整的系統(tǒng)，因為它還缺少一些輔助設施 （圖中沒有顯示）。他們中最重要的是連接在每一步驟中的平行線路。它可以重起系統(tǒng)或是應付緊急情況。這些照片是控制線路的電圖表 ,包括感應器，控制鍵和電的活瓣卷。 6 使用者變更例子規(guī)劃 氣流線圈在前面已經(jīng)詳細說明過：它可以讓我們了解到控制一個系統(tǒng)所需要的條件，那就是在系統(tǒng)的實際運行中必須提供所有的功能設施。 表 2所示的是控制上面提到的系統(tǒng)的必需設施。這說明記錄所有步驟的運行結(jié)構(gòu)圖并把他們送給控制器 (表 3和 4所示 )。使用這種可編程的控制器 ， 使用者必須知道運行方法的觀念并且規(guī)劃每個步驟的結(jié)構(gòu)。一般情況下，使用者可以在接口上運行一個模擬程序?qū)ふ疫壿嬌系腻e誤同之前所述的一樣，新的編程允許每一步驟的結(jié)構(gòu)被分割 。 圖 9 A ,B 傳動裝置和傳 感器 圖 10 C ,D 傳動裝置和傳感器 表 5 表現(xiàn)的是使用系統(tǒng)如何被儲藏在控制器里 ,這在前文中也詳細說明過。這些位元組被分成 5組，每一組描述系統(tǒng)運行的一個步驟。它不需要為了獲取微控制器里的資源而安裝外部記憶器或外部的定時器。 單獨使用內(nèi)部記憶 ， 我們可以控制一個有 48個步驟的氣流系統(tǒng)，但是如果使用一個比較簡單的 系統(tǒng)，就會達到 60個步驟 .控制器的變成不使用 PLC 語言，而是用一個比較簡單的和直覺的結(jié)構(gòu)。 一種 非常簡單的機械語言能讓設計者用四或五個位元組定義步驟所有結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。這種控制器雖然不能和商業(yè)的 PLC 相比，但是它原本就是為特定的的目的而設計的，所以很難說哪一個好哪一個壞。 Programmable designed for electropneumatic systems controller This project deals with the study of electropneumatic systems and the programmable controller that provides an effective and easy way to control the sequence of the pneumatic actuators movement and the states of pneumatic system. The project of a specific controller for pneumatic applications join the study of automation design and the control processing of pneumatic systems with the electronic design based on microcontrollers to implement the resources of the controller. 1. Introduction The automation systems that use electropneumatic technology are formed mainly by three kinds of elements: actuators or motors, sensors or buttons and control elements like valves. Nowadays, most of the control elements used to execute the logic of the system were substituted by the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Sensors and switches are plugged as inputs and the direct control valves for the actuators are plugged as outputs. An internal program executes all the logic necessary to the sequence of the movements, simulates other ponents like counter, timer and control the status of the system. With the use of the PLC, the project wins agility, because it is possible to create and simulate the system as many times as needed. Therefore, time can be saved, risk of mistakes reduced and plexity can be increased using the same elements. A conventional PLC, that is possible to find on the market from many panies, offers many resources to control not only pneumatic systems, but all kinds of system that uses electrical ponents. The PLC can be very versatile and robust to be applied in many kinds of application in the industry or even security system and automation of buildings. Because of those characteristics, in some applications the PLC offers to much resources that are not even used to control the system, electropneumatic system is one of this kind of application. The use of PLC, especially for small size systems, can be very expensive for the automation project. An alternative in this case is to create a specific controller that can offer the exactly size and resources that the project needs [3, 4]. This can be made using microcontrollers as the base of this controller. The controller, based on microcontroller, can be very specific and adapted to only one kind of machine or it can work as a generic controller that can be programmed as a usual PLC and work with logic that can be changed. All these characteristics depend on what is needed and how much experience the designer has with developing an electronic circuit and firmware for microcontroller. But the main advantage of design the controller with the microcontroller is that the designer has the total knowledge of his controller, which makes it possible to control the size of the controller, change the plexity and the application of it. It means that the project gets more independence from other panies, but at the same time the responsibility of the control of the system stays at the designer hands 2. Electropneumatic system On automation system one can find three basic ponents mentioned before, plus a logic circuit that controls the system. An adequate technique is needed to project the logic circuit and integrate all the necessary ponents to execute the sequence of movements properly. For a simple direct sequence of movement an intuitive method can be used [1, 5], but for indirect or more plex sequences the intuition can generate a very plicated circuit and signal mistakes. It is necessary to use another method that can save time of the project, make